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Transcript
MUTATIONS a change in the genetic information of an organism Gene Mutations Point Mutations simple change in one base of the gene Substitution Insertion Deletion Substitution Substitution THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT HAT ATE THE RAT Insertion Insertion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT CAT XLW ATE THE RAT Deletion Deletion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT ATE THE RAT Gene Mutations Frameshift Mutations one or more bases are inserted or deleted Insertion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT HCA TAT ETH ERA T Deletion H THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT TEF ATC ATA TET GER AT H Causes of mutations DNA fails to copy exactly External influences can create mutations The effects of mutations No effects Small change appears Big change Examples for effects Mutations are random theory A Resistance of lice were always there theory B Lice shampoo make the lice resistant The Lederberg experiment Bacteria are spread out on a plate, called the "original plate." The Lederberg experiment Bacteria are allowed to grow into several different colonies The Lederberg experiment This layout of colonies is stamped from the original plate onto a new plate that contains the antibiotic penicillin The Lederberg experiment Colonies X and Y on the stamped plate survive. They must carry a mutation for penicillin resistance The Lederberg experiment Did the colonies on the new plate produce antibiotic resistance because they were exposed(ausgesetzt) to penicillin?"