Download CHAPTER 10 Properties and Preparation of Alcohols

CHAPTER 10
Properties and Preparation of Alcohols
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Physical Properties of Alcohols
Solubility in Water
Alcohols with ≥6 C’s are water insoluble
Table of Ka Values
Properties of Alcohols: Acidity
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Alcohols react with Alkali Metals like Na and K to
produce alkoxide ions and hydrogen gas
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Chapter 10
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Synthesis of Alcohols (Review)
• Nucleophilic substitution (usually SN2)
of alkyl halide.
• Alkene Addition:
– Water in acid solution (suffers from
rearrangements).
– Oxymercuration–demercuration.
– Hydroboration–oxidation.
Synthesis of Vicinal Diols
(Review)
Vicinal diols:
• Syn hydroxylation of alkenes.
– Osmium tetroxide, hydrogen peroxide.
– Cold, dilute, basic potassium permanganate.
• Anti hydroxylation of alkenes.
– Peroxyacids followed by hydrolysis.
Grignard Reactions to produce Alcohols
To form a Grignard, an alkyl halide is treated with Mg
metal. Alkyl halides, aryl halides and vinyl halides are all
reactive.
Grignard Reagents create
nucleophilic carbon