Download Summary of Organic Compounds -Functional Groups and Reactions

SCH4U
March 2016
Summary of Organic Compounds- Functional Groups and Reactions
Family
Alkanes,
cycloalkanes
Alkenes,
cycloalkenes
Functional Group
C-C
Alkynes
CΞC
Formed from:
Hydrogenation of alkenes
and alkynes
C=C
Addition
Aromatics
Alkyl halides
C-X where X =
halogen
Halogenation of
hydrocarbons
Alcohols
C-OH
Hydration of alkenes,
alkynes
Ethers
Aldehydes,
ketones
C-O-C
C=O
Condensation of alcohols
Controlled oxidation of
alcohols
Carboxylic acids
C=O
l
OH
C-O-C=O
l
OH
Controlled oxidation of
aldehydes
Esters
Reaction types
Substitution
Carboxylic acid and alcohol
Reacts with
Halogens

Halogens (halogenation) to form alkyl halides
Hydrogen (hydrogenation) to form alkanes
Hydrogen halide (hydrohalogenation) to form
alkyl halides
Water (hydration) to form alcohols
Substitution

Halogens (halogenation) to form alkyl halides
Elimination


Condensation

Water removed (dehydration)
Active oxygen (controlled oxidation) to form
aldehydes and ketones
Alcohol + alcohol = ether + H2O
Addition


Condensation




Hydrogen (hydrogenation) to form alcohols
Controlled oxidation of aldehydes to form
carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acid + alcohol = ester + H2O