Download Station 2 Resources

Station 1 Resources
1. Europe (Pictures)
2. Rest of World (Golden Age Webs)
3. Map of Europe, Middle East, Asia
Medicine
Science
Literature/Poetry
Islamic
Golden
Age
Mathematics
Astronomy
Art/Architecture
Economics
Dome
Architecture
Justinian's
Code of Law
Hagia Sophia
Byzantine
Accomplishments
Preservation
of GrecoRoman
Culture
Mosaics and
Icons
Gunpowder
Paper
Money
Compass
Song
China
Inventions
Silk
Industry
Calendar
Movabletype
Porcelain
Making
Salt
Trade
Gold
African
Kingdoms
Golden
Age
Cultural
Diffusion
Wealth
Rich
Traditions
Station 2 Resources
1. Document Based Question
2. Map of Jerusalem
3. Description of 3 Groups
For many years, European Christians had made the
long difficult journey to the Middle East to visit the
place where Jesus lived and taught. Jerusalem was
especially important since it was the location of the
crucifixion and death of Jesus. In the late 1000s,
Seljuk Turks, a Muslim people based in Asia Minor
took over Jerusalem and began to interfere with
Christian visitors to the Holy Land. At the Council of
Clermont in 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade,
or a holy war against the Turks (Muslims).
Thousands of Christian knights and peasants began
their journey for Jerusalem in order to recapture the
Holy Land.
Pope Urban II
“I wish to drive those
Muslims out of Jerusalem.
That is our Holy Land. This
will give MY people a
purposeful mission and
under me, all Christians
will be united.”
Primary Source
Letter of Instruction to the Crusaders, December 1095
Urban, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to all the faithful, both princes and subjects, waiting in
Flanders; greeting, apostolic grace, and blessing.
Your brotherhood, we believe, has long since learned from many accounts that a barbaric fury has
deplorably afflicted an laid waste the churches of God in the regions of the Orient. More than this,
blasphemous to say, it has even grasped in intolerabe servitude its churches and the Holy City of Christ,
glorified b His passion and resurrection. Grieving with pious concern at this calamity, we visited the
regions of Gaul and devoted ourselves largely to urging the princes of the land and their subjects to free
the churches of the East. We solemnly enjoined upon them at the council of Auvergne (the
accomplishment of) such an undertaking, as a preparation for the remission of all their sins. And we have
constituted our most beloved son, Adhemar, Bishop of Puy, leader of this expedition and undertaking in
our stead, so that those who, perchance, may wish to undertake this journey should comply With his
commands, as if they were our own, and submit fully to his loosings or bindings, as far as shall seem to
belong to such an office. If, moreover, there are any of your people whom God has inspired to this vow,
let them know that he (Adhemar) will set out with the aid of God on the day of the Assumption of the
Blessed Mary, and that they can then attach themselves to his following.
Source: August. C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants, (Princeton:
1921), 42-43
Knights
“I have spent the majority of my
life fighting for the protection of
my master lords and the manor.
Now there is an outside enemy
and my Pope says if I go to
war, my soul will go to
heaven.”
Peasants (Serfs)
“Everyday it’s the
same old routine.”
Daily Life of Peasants:
 Work from sunrise to sunset
 Farm until I have blisters on my hands
 Ration my food between my family
 Go to sleep in my small hut I built on my own
Station #3 Resources
1. Different Maps of Crusades
2. Description of Crusades
3. Timeline of Crusades
The First Crusade
In November 1095, Pope Urban II
preached a sermon at Clermont-Ferrand
in France to launch the First Crusade.
The aim was to aid the Christians
of the East and return to Christian
control the Holy Sepulcher, the
church in Jerusalem said to
contain the tomb of Christ. Absolution from sin and eternal glory were
promised to the Crusaders, who also hoped to gain land and wealth in the
East. Nobles and peasants responded in great number to the call and
marched across Europe to Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine
empire. With the support of the Byzantine emperor, the knights, guided by
Armenian Christians, tenuously marched through Seljuq-controlled territories
in modern Turkey and Syria to Jerusalem. In June 1099, the Crusaders
began a five-week siege of Jerusalem, which fell in July 1099. The
Crusaders then took over many of the cities on the Mediterranean coast and
built a large number of fortified castles all over the Holy Land to protect their
new territories.
Second and
Third Crusade
In 1147–49, the Second
Crusade, championed by the
abbot Bernard of Clairvaux, attempted to take Damascus in Syria.
The campaign was a dismal failure because the Muslims had regrouped. Led
by Salah al-Din (Saladin), Muslim forces advanced across Syria and finally
retook Jerusalem in October 1187. By the end of the Third Crusade (1189–
92), however, Crusader forces had gained Cyprus and the city of
Acre. With each crusade, relations between the Byzantines and the Western
forces became more
estranged.
The Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade lasted from 1202-1204. Instead of attacking Jerusalem,
the crusaders attacked Constantinople. They stole statues, money, paintings
and jewelry. They burned libraries. They destroyed churches. Their ridiculous
excuse was that they needed money to defend Constantinople from the
same fate as
Jerusalem, as well
as to fund the rescue
of Jerusalem. The
people of
Constantinople did
not find this excuse
acceptable, and they
were filled with
hatred for the west.
Station # 4 Resources
1. Picture of Richard “the lionheart” and Saladin
2. Quotes from Each
Richard “the lionheart”
1157-1199
Richard was noted for his good
looks, charm, courage, grace – and
ruthlessness. When he heard that
Jerusalem had fallen to the Muslims, he
was filled with religious zeal. He joined
the Third Crusades, leaving others to rule
England in his place.
Richard mounted a siege on the city
of Acre. Saladin’s army was in the hills
overlooking the city, but it was not
strong enough to defeat the Crusaders.
When finally the city fell, Richard had the
Muslim survivors – some 3,000 men,
women, and children – slaughtered. The
Muslim army watched helplessly from
the hills.
Saladin
Saladin was the most famous Muslim
leader of the 1100s. His own people
considered him a most devout man. Even the
Christians regarded him as honest and brave.
He wished to chase the Crusaders back
into their own territories. He said:
I think that when God grants me victory over
the rest of Palestine, I shall divide my
territories, make a will stating my wishes, then
set sail on this sea for their far-off lands and
pursue the Franks there, so as to free the earth
from anyone who does not believe in Allah, or
die in the attempt.
Station #5 Resources
1. Discovery Education Video “Legacy of the
Crusades”
2. Result Chart