Download Latin (grammar - lite)

Upper Remove Revision Notes
Your exam contains all the grammar from books 1-3 of the Cambridge Latin Course. The
grammar is all listed in our online grammar guide.
Vocabulary
All the words from your vocabulary booklet are needed.
Note especially the easily confused “King’s Words” in the online grammar guide.
1
Verbs
Only active voice required – no passives.
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Present tense (= am, are, is)
Imperfect tense (= was, were, used to). Recognise by letters –BAPerfect tense (= have, has, -ed). The 3rd Principal Part.
Pluperfect tense (=had). Formed from the 3rd Principal Part.
Irregular verbs sum, possum, volo, nolo, eo (and compounds e.g. adeo)
Subjunctive
You need to be able to recognise the imperfect and pluperfect subjunctives.
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Indirect question
Indirect command
cum + subjunctive
Purpose clause
Result clause
Participles
 Present (= -ing). Recognise by letters –NS or –NT Perfect active (= having something–ed)
 Perfect passive (= having been something–ed, something–ed)
4
Infinitives
Only present active infinitive required.
 The part of the verb which means “to...”
 Ends in –re
 Irregulars: esse=to be; posse=to be able; velle=to want; nolle=to not want
5
Imperatives
The part of a verb used to give an order.
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Ends in –a, -e or –i. Plural ends in –te.
Often comes first in a sentence (unusual for a verb).
Often followed by an exclamation mark.
Negative order given by noli (nolite if plural) + infinitive.
Gerundives
 Recognise by the letters –ND Translate “must...”
 Used with a dative word which shows who must do something.
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Nouns
You need to know the meanings of all six cases.
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1st declension (words like puella)
2nd declension masculine (words like servus)
2nd declension neuter (words like templum)
3rd declension masculine and feminine (words like rex)
3rd declension neuter (words like nomen)
There are also two 4th declension and four 5th declension words in the vocab list (page
14). Learn them in case the Senior School asks you to find one for a grammar question.
8
Adjectives
Adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number and case.
1st/2nd declension adjectives use the endings of puella, servus and templum.
3rd declension adjectives use the endings of rex and nomen.
Comparative adjectives (= more..., -er) have –ior in them in Latin.
Superlative adjectives (= very..., most..., -est) have a double letter (usually –ss-)
before the ending in Latin.
 Irregular adjectives: bonus, magnus, parvus, malus, multus.
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Prepositions
 Prepositions are followed by either the accusative or ablative case. Your red
vocab booklet tells you which case goes with each preposition.
 They must be translated before the noun after them in Latin.
 Note especially in + accusative = into, onto; in + ablative = in, on.
10 Time phrases
 Time “how long” is shown by the accusative case.
 Time “when” is shown by the ablative case.
11 Pronouns
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ego (plural = nos)
tu (plural = vos)
se
hic, haec, hoc
ille, illa, illud
is, ea, id
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
qui, quae, quod (the relative pronoun)