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Veena V Nair CHEMICAL BONDING Force of attraction between the atoms that hold the two atoms together is known as chemical bonding. Bonding are of two types; they are : Covalent bonding & ionic bonding. COVALENT BONDING Bonding formed between the two atoms as a result of sharing electrons. Compound formed by covalent bonding is known as covalent compounds IONIC BONDING Bonding formed by the transfer of electron between two atoms are known as ionic bonding. Compounds formed by ionic bonding is known as ionic compounds. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COVALENT & IONIC COMPOUNDS Covalent compounds Solid in nature Soluble in water Conduct electricity High melting point High boiling point Ionic compounds Exists in solid, liquid, gas Insoluble in water Doesn’t conduct electricity Low melting point Low boiling point EXAMPLES OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS FACTORS AFFECTING BONDING Ionization energy Electron gain enthalpy Atomic radius Lattice energy Electronegativity IONISATION ENERGY Energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an atom is known as ionisation energy. For ionic bond formation the ionisation energy of the metal should be low. ELECTRON GAIN ENTHALPY The amount of energy released when an extra electron is added to an atom. For the bond formation electron gain enthalpy of an element should be high. ATOMIC RADIUS The distance between the nucleus and the outer most shell of electrons in an atom LATTICE ENERGY Energy released when oppositely charged ions combine to form one mole of the ionic compound. Higher value of lattice energy is needed for the ionic bond formation. ELECTRONEGATIVITY The tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. Electronegativity difference affect bond type and explains which type of molecules formed; polar or non polar molecules. THANK YOU