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What is Matter?
Anything that can be__________________, __________________, touched…
Has mass and volume (
)
Matter exists in some state or _________________
Phases of matter include
, liquid,
gas, non-
, & plasma
Common
of
Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
Non-Newtonian substances sometimes
behave like a
and
sometimes like a
consist of
freely moving charged particles, (electrons & ions)
It is perhaps the most common phase of matter
in the
Matter is made up of
…
What is this?
What’s an
?
The word ATOM (átomos) was first
used by the Greek philosopher
Atom translates to “
”
It is the smallest particle characterizing
an
We can’t see the parts of atoms, even with modern
technology, so we have an
Who is this?
When did he live?
A theory is a good, logical
about
something but it hasn’t been proven to be true
Atomic Theory
It is thought that atoms are made of these common particles:
• PROTON- has a positive Charge (P+)
• NEUTRON- has a neutral charge; has both positive and negative attributes
(N=)
• ELECTRON- has a negative charge (e-)
Atomic Structure
Periodic Table
First organized using the known
from other chemists
like Stanislao Cannizzaro
created the
table of elements in 1869
of elements
Organized horizontally
Indicates # of electron
Who is this?
of elements
Organized vertically
Indicates # of electrons in
Elemental Symbol (Often from Latin or Greek)
(1st letter is upper case, 2nd is lower case)
Nitrogen
(# of P+)
7
N
2
5
(# of P+ & N=)
14.0067
Q: How can I calculate the number of neutrons in an element??
A:
Elemental Names & Symbols
Iron; Latin Ferrum meaning “firm”
Copper; Greek for island of Cypress/ Cuprius
Sodium; Natrium (Latin) meaning “soda”/ “salt”
Silver; from Latin Argentum meaning “bright”
Gold; (Latin) Aurum- Roman Goddess of Dawn
Mercury; Greek Hydragyrium meaning ‘liquid silver’
Lead; Latin for Plumbum; origin of plumber
…
Elements are individual
When
join together a
forms
Elements join forming
of a
There several ways for
molecules to
…
Bonding
Atoms join together to form
molecules of a compound
through
Atoms “prefer” to have
e- in the outer cloud
In order to become more stable, elements
will
e-
(H2O) is an example
of covalent bonding
Element?
Element?
Element?
Name this compound:
Name the type of bonding:
Bonding
Occurs with
One element
an electron
while another
an electron
In the case of Sodium Chloride,
an electron and
This creates
gives up
gains one
: the Na atom has a
charge & the
Opposite charges
and a
atom has a negative charge
is formed
Element?
Element?
Name this compound:
Name the type of bonding: