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Introduction to Virology Lecture Outline I. Objectives II. Historical perspective III. What is a virus – A. Characteristics – B. Comparison to bacteria IV. Nucleocapsid morphology – A. Helical – B. Polyhedral – C. Complex V. – – – – How viruses multiply A. Basic strategy B. Bacterial viruses C. Animal viruses D. Culturing viruses in the lab VI. How to classify viruses? – A. Formal taxonomies – B. Baltimore Classification – C. Which means what? VII. – – – – – – Viruses and the diseases they cause A. Class I: dsDNA B. Class II: ssDNA C. Class III: dsRNA D. Class IV: ss(+)RNA E. Class V: ss(-)RNA F. Class VI: ss(+)RNA with dsDNA intermediate VIII. Summary of effects of viral infection on cells IX. Oncogenic viruses X. Viroids XI. Prions I. Objectives What is a virus How do viruses multiply How are viruses classified What are some of the diseases viruses cause II. Historical Perspective A. Ancient times – 1. poliovirus – 2. smallpox B. More recent history – 1. 1790’s » Iwanowski – 2. 1890’s » Jenner III. What is a virus? A. Characteristics B. Comparison to bacteria 1. overall Intracellular parasite Plasma membrane Binary fission Filterable Possess DNA & RNA ATP production Ribosomes Antibiotic sensitive Bacteria (no) yes yes no yes yes yes yes Virus yes no no yes no no no no 2. Size comparison 3. Genome size comparison IV. Nucleocapsid morphology A. Helical B. Polyhedral C. Complex V. How viruses multiply (13.10) A. – – – – – Basic strategy Attachment Penetration Synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids Maturation Release B. Bacterial viruses: Fig 13.12 Lytic vs lysogenic cycle C. Animal Viruses D. Culturing viruses in the lab 1. bacteriophage 2. animal viruses VI. How to classify viruses? A. Formal taxonomies B. Baltimore classification C. Which means what? 1. Genome organization 2. Genome organization affects replication 3. DNA Viruses: Life Cycle: Fig 13.17 4. Replication of RNA viruses: Fig 13.17 5. Viral classes Class I – ds DNA Class II – ssDNA (positive and negative) Class III – dsRNA Class IV – ssRNA (positive) Class V – ssRNA (negative) Class VI – ssRNA (positive, replication intermediate DNA) Brief note on nomenclature Family Genus Species eg. Family Herpesviridae, genus Simplexvirus, human herpes virus 2 VII. Viruses and the diseases they cause A. Class I: dsDNA Viruses – 1. Bacterial – 2. Plant 3. – – – – Human host a. Herpesviridae b. Adenoviridae c. Poxviridae d. Papovaviridae » Papillomavirus » Polyomavirus » Vacuolating agent – e. Hepadnaviridae B. Class II: ssDNA viruses 1. Bacteria 2. Plant 3. Human – A. Parvoviridae C. Class III: dsRNA viruses 1. Reoviridae D. Class IV: ss (+) RNA viruses 1. Picornaviridae 2. Togaviridae 3. Flaviviridae 4. Coronaviridae 5. Calciviridae E. Class V: ss (-) RNA viruses 1. Rhabdoviridae 2. Filoviridae 3. Paramyxoviridae 4. Orthomyxoviridae 5. Bunyaviridae Retrovirus Life Cycle: Fig 13.19 F. Class VI: ss (+) viruses (dsDNA intermediate) 1. Retroviridae – Oncoviruses – Lentivirus G. Review of Replication Strategies VIII. Summary of effects of viral infection on cells IX. Oncogenic Viruses X. Viroids XI. Prions A. Fig 13.21 B. PrPC vs PrPSc – Structural differences – Detergent solubility differences – Differences in susceptibility to protein degrading enzymes Prion diseases of humans and animals