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The characterization of inner core protein VP6 of African Horsesickness Virus
The characterization of inner core protein VP6 of African Horsesickness Virus

... CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION In 1898 researchers identified infectious agents that were smaller than the smallest known bacteria. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that use the machinery of the host cell to replicate. They consist of a DNA or RNA genome surrounded by a pr ...
Comparative analysis of different TaqMan real-time RT
Comparative analysis of different TaqMan real-time RT

... analysis (Aggarwal and Krawczynski 2000; Smith 2001). There is increasing evidence that animals (such as pigs) could serve as reservoir for HEV (Meng et al. 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002; Yoo et al. 2001; Renou et al. 2007). Swine HEV isolates have been identified now in many countries worldwide including ...
Introduction to Modern Virology
Introduction to Modern Virology

... as widely as possible. Although the discipline of virology is often considered to be highly specialized, we hope that readers will see the tremendous range of systems and technologies that virologists bring to bear in order to elucidate their subject and thus pick up some of the excitement of workin ...
The viral killer system in yeast: from molecular biology to application
The viral killer system in yeast: from molecular biology to application

... immunity component (Table 2). Interestingly, the toxincoding M genomes exclude each other at the replicative level and, therefore, simultaneous coexistence of all three ScV-M killer virions in a single yeast cell does not occur in vivo, but can be by-passed by co-expressing cDNA copies of di¡erent p ...
Infectious Disease Myths (or are they myths?)
Infectious Disease Myths (or are they myths?)

... The Evolution of Virology • There is some question of when “Virology” can be said to have begun. • Many diseases we now know as viral were recognized (smallpox, measles, polio), and even immunized against (smallpox), all of this before viruses were first described. • Dmitry Ivanovsky was the first ...
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A TRANSGENIC
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A TRANSGENIC

... The importance of poliovirus as a serious human pathogen was initially responsible for extensive investigation into its biology. In the past decade, studies on the molecular biology, structure, and genetics of poliovirus have made this one of the best understood viruses of eukaryotic cells. However ...
Plant Diseases Caused by Viruses and Viroids
Plant Diseases Caused by Viruses and Viroids

... RNA genes (sometimes referred to as noncoding RNA or small RNA) are genes that encode RNA that is not translated into a protein. The most prominent examples of RNA genes are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. However, since the lat ...
chapter 1 - UTMB Health SHARED Home
chapter 1 - UTMB Health SHARED Home

... unrecognized vector of CHIKV: Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus mosquitoes. It was postulated that genetic changes in the virus might have contributed to the scale of these epidemics by facilitating CHIKV transmission by Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. In order to characterize genetic factors that might influen ...
Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie

... the appropriate cellular milieu (expression of stress response genes) required for AAV DNA replication than direct involvement of helper virus gene products (Yakobson et al. 1987). The natural route for AAV infections is assumed to occur via the respiratory or gastrointestinal route as is the case f ...
Norovirus Infectious Agent Information Sheet
Norovirus Infectious Agent Information Sheet

... Noroviruses are considered the most common cause of outbreaks of non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, are the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States (58%), and account for 26% of hospitalizations and 10% of deaths associated with food consumption. Salad ingredients, fruit, and o ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
ABSTRACT Title of Document:

... two of this project, we wanted to determine if adaptation of an avian-human H9N2 reassortant in ferrets could support mammalian respiratory droplet transmission. Here we show for the first time that a reassortant virus carrying the HA and NA of an avian H9N2 virus can transmit in respiratory droplet ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

... • Viruses must rely on living cells (host cells) for replication. • Before a virus can replicate, it must first infect a living cell. • An animal virus enters its host cell by endocytosis. • A bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, punches a hole in the bacterial cell wall and injects its DNA into the c ...
HB_20_win
HB_20_win

... • Viruses must rely on living cells (host cells) for replication. • Before a virus can replicate, it must first infect a living cell. • An animal virus enters its host cell by endocytosis. • A bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, punches a hole in the bacterial cell wall and injects its DNA into the c ...
Dengue virus type 1 (ATCC® VR1586™)
Dengue virus type 1 (ATCC® VR1586™)

... lists the media formulation that has been found to be effective for this strain. While other, unspecified media may also produce satisfactory results, a change in media or the absence of an additive from the ATCC recommended media may affect recovery, growth and/or function of this strain. If an alt ...
Understanding phage, the viruses that infect
Understanding phage, the viruses that infect

... the Ganges and Jumna rivers in India had marked antibacterial action against cholera and could pass through a very fine porcelain filter • In 1915, British bacteriologist Frederick Twort, superintendent of the Brown Institution of London, discovered a small agent that infects and kills bacteria. He ...
Viruses - Red Wing Public Schools
Viruses - Red Wing Public Schools

... • HIV cannot enter a cell merely by docking onto a CD4 receptor. Rather, the glycoprotein must also activate a second co-receptor, called CCR5. ...
genetics and functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 membrane
genetics and functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 membrane

... Figure 1.1: Herpesvirus virion structure. Virions of herpes viruses can vary in size from 120nm to 300nm (Roizman and Furlong, 1974). A virion consists of: an electron-dense core containing the viral genome, an icosadeltahedral capsid around the core, an amorphous tegument around the capsid, and an ...
Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in
Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in

... matrix using a variety of factors (e.g. matrix metalloproteinases), thus facilitating cell invasion [43,44], one of the hallmarks of cancer [9,10]. Cancer cells also destroy the extracellular matrix as a result of by-products of glycolytic metabolism [45]. Destruction of the extracellular environmen ...
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy

... 10 min, the bioluminescent signals were quantified and recorded using an IVIS Imaging System (Xenogen) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The conditioned cell culture media (harvested before the luciferin addition) was returned to the same plate for further incubation. Measurements from the ...
Genetics of Herpes Simplex Virus Type
Genetics of Herpes Simplex Virus Type

... Figure 2.1: Construction of mutant YEbac102s. Schematic of the strategy for the construction of pYEbac102 mutant BACs. (A) The top line represents the prototypic arrangement of the HSV-1 genome, with the unique long (UL) and unique short (US) regions flanked by the terminal repeat (TR) and internal ...
(2010). Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Impatiens and
(2010). Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Impatiens and

... 3. What is the recommended quarantine status of the pest in the lists of EPPO2? Not recommended for consideration for regulation as a quarantine pest by EPPO and not on the EPPO Alert List. 4. What is the reason for the PRA? There have been two confirmed cases of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus at U ...
Akshaya Bio Inc.
Akshaya Bio Inc.

... – No added adjuvant • Eliminates many adverse events • Eliminates T cell sequestration, dysfunction & deletion (Nat. Med. 2013, Lu. et al) Ease of production and scalability – Utilizes insect cell-based production • Increased antigenicity through production of the chimeric molecule in Insect Cells ...
$doc.title

... accompanied   by   continuous   extensive   viral   genetic   diversification.   Little   is   known   about  how  virus  diversification  is  influencing  the  viral  replication  capacity  (RC)  over   time.  The  aim  of  this  study  was ...
Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of
Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of

... Elzen, 2004; Neumann and Ellis, 2008) and a severe pest in some regions (USA: Elzen et al., 2000; Australia: Spiewok et al., 2007). Freeflying SHB adults invade host colonies over several kilometers, mate and reproduce within hives (Neumann and Elzen, 2004; Spiewok et al., 2008). Although the pest s ...
Obesity could be catching
Obesity could be catching

... 3. PHRASE MATCH: Match the following phrases from the article (sometimes more than one combination is possible): a. ...
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Oncolytic virus

An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by lysis, they release new infectious virus particles to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune responses.The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s. A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus and vaccinia have now been clinically tested as oncolytic agents. Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the SVV-001 Seneca Valley virus, resulting in clinical trials.As of 2011, only limited human trials had been performed.Nevertheless, the drug talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC) recently (Jan 2012) reported the first positive interim Phase III clinical trial results for an oncolytic virus, making it likely that it will also be the first one approved for use (for the treatment of advanced melanoma). However, skeptics have questioned the clinical relevance of this interim data citing that the awaited overall survival data will be the final judgement and that it is likely that patient benefit will be maximised in combination with other therapies, which this trial did not test. 2015 update: In a combined decision, members of the FDA’s Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) and Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies Advisory Committee (CTGTAC) voted 22-1 to recommend approval of the oncolytic immunotherapy talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) as a treatment for patients with advanced melanoma. A final approval decision from the FDA is scheduled by October 27, 2015. Approved in Latvia oncolytic virus RIGVIR was registered in Georgia in February 2015. Melanoma Research published new data on RIGVIR efficacy, showing that early stage melanoma patients treated with oncolytic virus RIGVIR had 4.39–6.57-fold lower mortality than those, who according to melanoma treatment guidelines did not receive virotherapy and were only observed.
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