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DNA Translation
Putting it all together
Last Day
DNA
Replication
RNA
Transcription
Today’s Objectives

Understand the process of how our DNA makes
proteins from start to finish

Complete a treasure hunt with the help of some
of the processes of DNA

Chapter 10 Review
So, Let’s Recap…

The Basic Building Block of DNA is
called a Nucleotide

It is made up of three basic
components, Which are…
 Phosphate
5
Group
Carbon Sugar, Deoxyribose
 Nitrogen
Containing Base
The DNA Nucleotide
Recap Cont’d
 Which
two components make up
the backbone of DNA?
Phosphate
Group
Deoxyribose
 The
Nitrogenous bases pair up
with their complementary base
pair on another strand to form
the DNA Double Helix we have
come so familiar with
Recap Cont’d…

Before cell division, a fundamental process in any
organism, the genetic information must be able to
copy itself

This is done in a process known as…
 Replication!
Recap Cont’d…
 DNA
replication is performed in the NUCLEUS
with the help of DNA HELICASE
 HELICASE
 DNA
“unzips” the two strands of DNA
POLYMERASE brings complementary
nucleotides in the surrounding medium to
form the new strand of DNA
Recap Cont’d…
 Once
DNA has been replicated, all of the
useful information which in contains must
be Transcribed (written out)
 This
leads to the process known as…
Transcription
Recap Cont’d
 RNA
POLYMERASE comes along, unzips the
DNA double helix, and brings in
complementary RNA base nucleotides to
form a transcribed RNA Strand
Recap Cont’d…
The
process of transcription
creates 3 different types of
RNA
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
So What do these 3 RNAs do?
 Work
together to TRANSLATE the
genetic code of DNA into the proteins,
which carry out all of the bodies
functions.
 Process known as Protein Synthesis (or
Translation)
Genetic Code

The sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA
TRANSCRIPT, is TRANSLATED into a sequence of
amino acids (the building blocks of proteins)
 The
nucleotide sequence combined with its
amino acid sequence is known as the GENETIC
CODE

Combination of THREE mRNA nucleotides is called
a CODON.
 Each
CODON codes for a specific AMINO ACID
Genetic Code
TRANSLATION
 Start:
mRNA leaves the nucleus for the
cytosol
 Migrates
to a RIBOSOME- the site of protein
synthesis
 Amino
acids that are floating freely in
cytosol are transported to the ribosomes by
our old friend tRNA
Translation
 Same
base pairing rules follow
(anticodon-codon)
 Begins at mRNA strand AUG ( tRNA
with anticodon UAC)
 Moves along until it hits a STOP codon
(UGA, UAA, UAG)
Recall
 DNA
mutations occurring during the
replication stage play major role in
translation
Where different base pairs in
original DNA molecule can result in a
different string of amino acids
More on this when we get to
Evolution!
To Recap Translation

mRNA moves the information from the nucleus to
the ribosomes (made up of rRNA) in the cytosol.

The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

tRNA molecules, carrying an amino acid will bind
to the codons on mRNA (starting at the START
codon AUG)

The tRNA molecules will continue to bring amino
acids, forming a chain of amino acids, until they
reach a STOP Codon

The resulting protein will detach, and move to
the site where it is needed in the cell.
It’s Time for a Treasure Hunt!
DNA Treasure Hunt
 With
your partner…
Complete
the DNA puzzle and receive a clue to
where your treasure might be.
After
checking with Mr.Hill, go forth and find
your Treasure!
When
you return, Work on Chapter 10/14
Review
Mr.Hill’s Test Taking Tips!

NAME- Always the first thing you should write on a test.

Read over the whole test before you begin writing
 Make
sure you have the right number of pages, whether there is
a back side etc.
 Answer
Questions you know first
Builds

confidence, gives clues for more challenging questions
Do not leave blanks!
 An
attempted guess is better than having nothing.
 Multiple
Choice
 Eliminate
the obviously wrong answer(s)
 Automatically
increases odds