Download Unit 4 – GENETICS - How do organisms pass traits to their offspring

Unit 4 – GENETICS - How do organisms pass traits to their offspring?
Unit Description:
1. Traits are passed on to offspring through various modes of reproduction.
EQ How are traits passed on to offspring through various modes of reproduction?
2. Over time, cells grow and reproduce.
EQ How do cells grow and reproduce?
3. It is possible to predict whether certain traits will be passed from parents to children.
EQ How is it possible to predict whether certain traits will be passed from parent to offspring?
4. Meiosis creates genetic variation within a population.
EQ How does meiosis create genetic variation within a population?
5. The inheritance patterns of many human traits do not follow Mendel’s laws.
EQ Why do inheritance patterns of many human traits not follow Mendel’s laws?
Academic Vocabulary (Included, but not limited to)
Asexual reproduction, Gamete, Sexual reproduction, Binary fission, Genetic variation, Budding, Fertilization, Vegetative
Propagation, Cancer, Carcinogen, Cell cycle, Chromosomes, Mitosis, Mutation, Allele, Genetic cross, Phenotype,
Dominant, Genotype, Punnett square, Genes, Independent assortment, Recessive, Segregation, Homozygous,
Heterozygous, Gamete, Diploid, Homologous, Haploid, Meiosis, Crossing-over, Codominance, Incomplete dominance,
Polygenic, Karyotype, Genetic disorder, Pedigree, Sex linked, Multiple allele
Unit Learning Objectives: Students will
4-1: Identify the importance of reproduction to living things. (SC.912.L.16.17)
4-2: Define asexual and sexual reproduction. (SC.912.L.16.17)
4-3: Identify that offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetic copies of the parent.
(SC.912.L.16.14, SC.912.L.16.17)
4-4: Relate the process of mitosis to different types of asexual reproduction.
(SC.912.L.16.17, SC.912.L.16.15)
4-5: Explain that the offspring of sexual reproduction contain genetic information from two parents.
(SC.912.L.16.17)
4-6: Relate the process of sexual reproduction to genetic variation. (SC.912.L.16.17)
4-7: Compare advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction. (SC.912.L.16.17)
4-8: Identify and describe the stages of the cell cycle. (SC.912.L.16.14)
4-9: Model the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. (SC.912.L16.14)
4-10: Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells. (SC.912.L.16.14)
4-11: Relate the role of enzymes to the events that regulate the cell cycle.
(SC.912.L.16.14, SC.912.L.18.11)
4-12: Distinguish between the events of the normal cell cycle and those of uncontrolled cell growth.
(SC.912.L.16.8)
4-13: Analyze the relationship between mutation, uncontrolled cell growth, and cancer. (SC.912.L.16.8)
4-14: Describe how Mendel conducted his experiments to study patterns of inheritance in pea plants.
(SC.912.L.16.1, SC.912.N.3.3)
4-15: Explain that genes exist in alternative forms called alleles. (SC.912.L.16.1)
4-16: Contrast the inheritance patterns of dominant and recessive alleles. (SC.912.L.16.1)
4-17: Calculate ratios to explain experimental data related to heredity.
(SC.912.L.16.1, SC.912.L.16.2, SC.912.N.1.1)
4-18: Explain Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment and relate them to his
experiments. (SC.912.L.16.1, SC.912.N.1.6, SC.912.N.3.3)
4-19: Differentiate between the genotype and phenotype of an organism.
(SC.912.L.16.1, SC.912.L.16.2)
4-20: Predict the results of a genetic cross using Punnett squares.
(SC.912.N.16.1, SC.912.L.16.2, SC.912.N.3.5)
4-21: Differentiate between haploid and diploid cells. (SC.912.L.16.16)
4-22: Analyze how gamete formation and fertilization maintain chromosome number within a species.
(SC.912.L.16.16)
4-23: Summarize the events that occur during meiosis. (SC.912.L.16.16)
4-24: Describe the processes of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis.
(SC.912.L.15.15, SC.912.L.16.16)
4-25: Relate the behavior of homologous chromosomes during meiosis to Mendel’s laws of heredity.
(SC.912.L.15.15, SC.912.L.16.1, SC.912.L.16.16, SC.912.L.16.17)
4-26: Model how meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes. (SC.912.L.16.16)
4-27: Explain how meiosis contributes to genetic variation within a species.
(SC.912.L.15.15, SC.912.L.16.17)
4-28: Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (SC.912.L.16.17)
4-29: Identify observable dominant and recessive traits in humans. (SC.912.L.16.2)
4-30: Predict the pattern of inheritance of a simple dominant trait. (SC.912.L.16.1, SC.912.L.16.2)
4-31: Explain how genetic disorders can be caused by inherited recessive alleles.
(SC.912.L.14.6, SC.912.L.16.2)
4-32: Analyze how incomplete dominance and codominance influence patterns of heredity.
(SC.912.L.16.2)
4-33: Explain how multiple alleles for a gene result in multiple phenotypes in organisms.
(SC.912.L.16.2)
4-34: Investigate how polygenic inheritance of a trait results in multiple phenotypes.
(SC.912.L.16.2)
4-35: Provide examples of how environmental factors influence patterns of heredity.
(SC.912.L.14.6, SC.912.L.16.2)
4-36: Interpret a pedigree to determine patterns of inheritance in families.
Text Dependent Questions:
1. How do asexual and sexual reproduction compare?
2. What is the role of chromosomes in cell division?
3. What are the main events in the cell cycle?
4. What events occur during each of the four phases of mitosis?
5. How do daughter cells split apart after mitosis?
6. How is the cell cycle regulated?
7. How do cancer cells differ from other cells?
8. Where does an organism get its unique characteristics?
9. How are different forms of a gene distributed to offspring?
10. How can we use probability to predict traits?
11. How do alleles segregate when more than one gene is involved?
12. What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics?
13. What are some exceptions to Mendel’s principles?
14. Does the environment have a role in how genes determine traits?
15. How many sets of genes are found in most adult organism?
16. What events occur during each phase of meiosis?
17. How is meiosis different from mitosis?
18. How can two alleles from different genes be inherited together?
19. What patterns of inheritance do human traits follow?
20. How can pedigrees be used to analyze human inheritance?