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Ecology Symbiosis • A close relationship between 2 different species where at least one benefits. • 3 Types: • 1. Mutualism – both benefit • 2. Commensalism – 1 benefits and 1 doesn’t care • 3. Parasitism – 1 benefits and 1 is harmed Mutualism Clownfish – gets a place to live Sea Anemone – gets cleaned Commensalism Tree frog – Gets a place to live Plant – Doesn’t care it is there Parasitism • Tick – Gets blood (food) • Dog – Gets harmed (missing blood) What kind is this? What kind is this? What kind is this? What kind is this? What kind is this? Adaptation • A trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Protective Coverings • Shells, Spines, Spikes, Scales, Etc. False Coloring False eyes to appear bigger or fool predators Camoflauge Blending in with the environment to avoid predators or catch prey. Warning Coloring Bright colors let predators know they are poisonous! Mimicry A harmless organism copies a harmful one to fool predators. What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? What adaptation does this creature have? Predator • An organism that hunts and kills another for food. Ex: Prey • An organism that is hunted for food • Ex: Biotic • A living thing • Ex: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, Animals and Protists Abiotic • A non-living thing • *NOT DEAD…NON-LIVING! • Ex: 3 types of Energy Roles • Producers • Consumers • Decomposers Producers • Produce their own food • Responsible for ALL energy in a food web • Ex: Plants, Flowers, Trees Consumers • Eat other organisms for energy – Herbivores – Eat only plants • Ex: Rabbits, Deer – Carnivores – Eat only meat • Ex: Tigers, Lions – Omnivores – Eat both plant and meat • Bears, Humans Decomposers • Break down dead and decaying material and return the nutrients to the environment • Difference between consumers and decomposers: decomposers return the nutrient to the environment • Ex: Earthworms, Fungi, Bacteria Food Chain • Series of events where one organism eats another to get energy. Food Web Food Webs • Also begin with producers (photosynthesis) • Everything gets broken down by decomposers and returned to environment when it dies • Arrows represent energy transfer so point towards the organism getting the energy! • Removing 1 organism affects all the others! Succession • Series of changes in an ecosystem caused by a disturbance • 2 Types: – Primary – where no ecosystem was before • Ex: Volcanoes and New Island Formation – Secondary – where an existing ecosystem was • Ex: Forest Fire Meadow • Ex: Meadow Extreme Drought Desert Primary Succession Rock only begins to create a new ecosystem. Secondary Succession Meadow becomes a Forest!!! Secondary Succession DROUGHT Secondary Succession Forest Meadow Fire Other Secondary Succession Examples • • • • • Meadow Lots of Rain Swamp Swamp Drought Meadow Lake Broken Dam Swamp Desert Rain Meadow Antarctica Moves North Grassland
