The Ecological Role of a
... controlled by physical factors such as desiccation, higher temperature and strong solar radiation, while the lower limits are more often set by biotic factors, such as competition and predation (Connell, 1961; 1972). Therefore the harsher physical conditions higher on the shore tend to decrease the ...
... controlled by physical factors such as desiccation, higher temperature and strong solar radiation, while the lower limits are more often set by biotic factors, such as competition and predation (Connell, 1961; 1972). Therefore the harsher physical conditions higher on the shore tend to decrease the ...
Schedonorus pratensis
... Litter decomposition rate and litter N release were examined using litter mesh bags, placed on field ...
... Litter decomposition rate and litter N release were examined using litter mesh bags, placed on field ...
Description - University of Wisconsin
... incisors also protrude form the gum. By day 26 the eyes are open, total length is about 123 mm and weight is about 8.5 g. By day 31 the incisors are yellow and the grooves on the upper incisors are prominent. By day 34 the young are adult-like with the exception of their size and some color variatio ...
... incisors also protrude form the gum. By day 26 the eyes are open, total length is about 123 mm and weight is about 8.5 g. By day 31 the incisors are yellow and the grooves on the upper incisors are prominent. By day 34 the young are adult-like with the exception of their size and some color variatio ...
Microtus pinetorum
... monogamous, and the father helps rear the young while sharing the same nest and home range with the mother. There is a common assumption among mammalogists that M. pinetorum is a cooperative breeder that lives in extended families (Marfori et al. 1997, Solomon 1994). Solomon and Vandenbergh found th ...
... monogamous, and the father helps rear the young while sharing the same nest and home range with the mother. There is a common assumption among mammalogists that M. pinetorum is a cooperative breeder that lives in extended families (Marfori et al. 1997, Solomon 1994). Solomon and Vandenbergh found th ...
Microtus californicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
... ± 0.015 (Bradley 1976). Individuals shaved during winter months (January to early March) demonstrated decreased survival as the season progressed, a higher daily energy expenditure than unshaved individuals (109.2 kJ/day and 96.6 kJ/day, respectively), and behavioral shifts including increased huddl ...
... ± 0.015 (Bradley 1976). Individuals shaved during winter months (January to early March) demonstrated decreased survival as the season progressed, a higher daily energy expenditure than unshaved individuals (109.2 kJ/day and 96.6 kJ/day, respectively), and behavioral shifts including increased huddl ...
Background - Sacramento - California State University
... accurately assessed is satisfied. Additionally, each patch may be linked by the dispersal of multiple interacting species. As for Leibold’s second requirement, it is assumed that different insect species will respond to processes at different spatial scales. This system was therefore appropriate for ...
... accurately assessed is satisfied. Additionally, each patch may be linked by the dispersal of multiple interacting species. As for Leibold’s second requirement, it is assumed that different insect species will respond to processes at different spatial scales. This system was therefore appropriate for ...
plant endophyte in food chain – friend or foe?
... Natural communities involve complex interactions among a number of species. The term ‘symbiosis’, Greek for “life together”, is commonly defined as a close and often longterm interaction between different species. Since its first use by de Bary (1887), the term has been applied to a wide range of bi ...
... Natural communities involve complex interactions among a number of species. The term ‘symbiosis’, Greek for “life together”, is commonly defined as a close and often longterm interaction between different species. Since its first use by de Bary (1887), the term has been applied to a wide range of bi ...
reports - UNM Biology Department
... emerged. When seedlings were 10–14 days old, one seedling per tree species was planted into each subplot (0.5 3 0.5 m), with six to eight subplots chosen at random per plot. In subplots, vegetation was cleared and soil was loosened using a sterilized trowel, which facilitated tracking the seedlings ...
... emerged. When seedlings were 10–14 days old, one seedling per tree species was planted into each subplot (0.5 3 0.5 m), with six to eight subplots chosen at random per plot. In subplots, vegetation was cleared and soil was loosened using a sterilized trowel, which facilitated tracking the seedlings ...
Ecology of stoats Mustela erminea in a valley of the
... in the upper valley in meadows-pastureland-rock outcrops, 22 in the middle mainly in hedgerows-meadows and six in the lower valley in oak grove edges. Five of the scats were collected in winter, two in spring, seven in summer and 19 in autumn. The months mentioned in the previous section were consid ...
... in the upper valley in meadows-pastureland-rock outcrops, 22 in the middle mainly in hedgerows-meadows and six in the lower valley in oak grove edges. Five of the scats were collected in winter, two in spring, seven in summer and 19 in autumn. The months mentioned in the previous section were consid ...
Population dynamics in a cyclic environment: consequences of
... In many places, and particularly in Fennoscandia, herbivore cycles are fading out (Ims et al. 2008), which is expected to present a major change in the environment for many other species that are (partly) dependent on these herbivores. Avian predators of voles are prime candidates for species likely ...
... In many places, and particularly in Fennoscandia, herbivore cycles are fading out (Ims et al. 2008), which is expected to present a major change in the environment for many other species that are (partly) dependent on these herbivores. Avian predators of voles are prime candidates for species likely ...
6. Optimizing meadow bird protection
... Until about 50 years ago, the status of the Netherlands being an important meadow bird country was taken for granted (Beintema et al. 1995; Brouwer 2005). People considered meadow birds part of the Dutch polder landscape (Beintema et al. 1995; Brouwer 2005). This attitude towards meadow birds stands ...
... Until about 50 years ago, the status of the Netherlands being an important meadow bird country was taken for granted (Beintema et al. 1995; Brouwer 2005). People considered meadow birds part of the Dutch polder landscape (Beintema et al. 1995; Brouwer 2005). This attitude towards meadow birds stands ...
INTRODUCTION
... Extend your thinking: In North America, many top predators, such as wolves, have been driven nearly to extinction. What effect do you think this has on their main prey, deer? Write your answer on a separate sheet, and/or discuss with your classmates and teacher. ...
... Extend your thinking: In North America, many top predators, such as wolves, have been driven nearly to extinction. What effect do you think this has on their main prey, deer? Write your answer on a separate sheet, and/or discuss with your classmates and teacher. ...
DOMESTIC CATS AS PREDATORS AND FACTORS IN WINTER
... The cats had all assumed definitive patterns of hunting and dietary habits before the study began. Cat 1 sought prey on only about five acres, which she shared with the other two; they in turn shared the balance. Cat 1 ate no prey, hunting fewer hours per day than Cats 2 and 3, each of which consume ...
... The cats had all assumed definitive patterns of hunting and dietary habits before the study began. Cat 1 sought prey on only about five acres, which she shared with the other two; they in turn shared the balance. Cat 1 ate no prey, hunting fewer hours per day than Cats 2 and 3, each of which consume ...
Use of unfertilised margins on intensively managed grassland by
... function of unfertilised margins as a refuge during mowing activities promises to make an important contribution to chick survival in intensively exploited grasslands. But this should be confirmed by further study. they cannot be managed efficiently and are under the influence of weeds from outside ...
... function of unfertilised margins as a refuge during mowing activities promises to make an important contribution to chick survival in intensively exploited grasslands. But this should be confirmed by further study. they cannot be managed efficiently and are under the influence of weeds from outside ...
Coastal Habitats of Southeast Alaska
... On islands like Kuiu and Prince of Wales (Fig 9), bears observed foraging on beaches below the zone of vascular halophytes are usually walking from boulder to boulder, rolling them over, and licking up this ...
... On islands like Kuiu and Prince of Wales (Fig 9), bears observed foraging on beaches below the zone of vascular halophytes are usually walking from boulder to boulder, rolling them over, and licking up this ...
Owl winter irruptions as an indicator of small mammal population
... primarily coniferous forest cover (north of 488N). This begs the question whether or not it is simply a lack of knowledge which leads us to think that no regular small mammal population cycles occur in eastern boreal forests of North America, especially when the resident specialist predators present ...
... primarily coniferous forest cover (north of 488N). This begs the question whether or not it is simply a lack of knowledge which leads us to think that no regular small mammal population cycles occur in eastern boreal forests of North America, especially when the resident specialist predators present ...
alumni garry oak meadow restoration project
... a grayish white dry very compact clay loam. This layer restricts root and water penetration. ...
... a grayish white dry very compact clay loam. This layer restricts root and water penetration. ...
Do small mammals prey upon an invasive ectoparasite of cervids?
... most common breeding host (i.e., support reproduction) in Fennoscandia (Välimäki et al. 2011). A single moose bull may host as much as 17 500 blood-feeding deer keds (Paakkonen et al. 2010). Also, the wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnberg, 1909) (Kaunisto et al. 2009) and occasio ...
... most common breeding host (i.e., support reproduction) in Fennoscandia (Välimäki et al. 2011). A single moose bull may host as much as 17 500 blood-feeding deer keds (Paakkonen et al. 2010). Also, the wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnberg, 1909) (Kaunisto et al. 2009) and occasio ...
Gradients in density variations of small rodents: the importance of
... being poor in snow, but were higher at the same latitudes in eastern Europe with more snow. Indices of density variations were generally low in North American Clethrionomys species and very variable in Microtus species. The gradients observed and differences between continents are interpreted as due ...
... being poor in snow, but were higher at the same latitudes in eastern Europe with more snow. Indices of density variations were generally low in North American Clethrionomys species and very variable in Microtus species. The gradients observed and differences between continents are interpreted as due ...
Habitat isolation and ecological barriers
... over the last two decades ecologists have turned their attention toward the role played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial heterogeneity is considered as one o f the basic factors influencing both populatio ...
... over the last two decades ecologists have turned their attention toward the role played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial heterogeneity is considered as one o f the basic factors influencing both populatio ...
Effects of vole fluctuations on the population dynamics of the barn
... populations (Diamond 1989). These reductions are most apparent in small populations due to demographic stochasticity (Shaffer 1981; Lande 1993). Model studies have revealed that the impact of demographic stochasticity on the likelihood of extinction is countered more effectively by improvement of ha ...
... populations (Diamond 1989). These reductions are most apparent in small populations due to demographic stochasticity (Shaffer 1981; Lande 1993). Model studies have revealed that the impact of demographic stochasticity on the likelihood of extinction is countered more effectively by improvement of ha ...
Amargosa Vole
... There is relatively little ecological and behavioral information for the Amargosa vole subspecies, so much of the information presented in this section and the other natural history sections that follow are for the California vole, which is simply referred to as the “vole.” Where the information is ...
... There is relatively little ecological and behavioral information for the Amargosa vole subspecies, so much of the information presented in this section and the other natural history sections that follow are for the California vole, which is simply referred to as the “vole.” Where the information is ...
Population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes) in North America
... them (Grodzinski 1971) and nor do populations increase in spruce mast years (Boonstra and Krebs 2006). Seeds from the dwarf shrubs appear to be key to vole overwinter survival and population growth (Dyke 1971; West 1982; Krebs et al. 2010). Both the habitat and diet of M. gapperi are the broadest of ...
... them (Grodzinski 1971) and nor do populations increase in spruce mast years (Boonstra and Krebs 2006). Seeds from the dwarf shrubs appear to be key to vole overwinter survival and population growth (Dyke 1971; West 1982; Krebs et al. 2010). Both the habitat and diet of M. gapperi are the broadest of ...
Integrated Management of Vertebrate Pests in Alfalfa
... these artificial tunnels and consume the poisoned bait. In some situations, 0.5-percent strychnine bait will give effective pocket gopher control when applied using a burrow builder. However, where it is not giving good control, a 1.8-percent strychnine bait may give superior results. The 1.8-percen ...
... these artificial tunnels and consume the poisoned bait. In some situations, 0.5-percent strychnine bait will give effective pocket gopher control when applied using a burrow builder. However, where it is not giving good control, a 1.8-percent strychnine bait may give superior results. The 1.8-percen ...
Meadow vole
The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), sometimes called the field mouse or meadow mouse, is a North American vole found across Canada, Alaska and the northern United States. Its range extends further south along the Atlantic coast. One subspecies, the Florida salt marsh vole (M. p. dukecampbelli), is found in Florida, and is classified as endangered. Previously it was also found in Chihuahua, Mexico, but has not been recorded since 1998.The meadow vole is active year-round, usually at night. It also digs underground burrows, where it stores food for the winter and females give birth to their young. Although these animals tend to live close together, they are aggressive towards one another. This is particularly evident in males during the breeding season. They can cause damage to fruit trees, garden plants, and commercial grain crops.