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Endocrine
System
Hypothalamus
and Pituitary
Gland
AP Biology
2007-2008
Nervous & Endocrine systems linked
 Hypothalamus = “master nerve control center”



nervous system
receives information from nerves around body
about internal conditions
releasing hormones: regulates release of hormones
from pituitary
 Pituitary gland = “master gland”


AP Biology
endocrine system
secretes broad range
of “tropic” hormones
regulating other
glands in body
hypothalamus
posterior
pituitary
anterior
Hypothalamus
 Hypothalamus integrates endocrine &
nervous systems
 Hormone releasing cells in hypothalamus
are specialized neurons – they can
synthesize hormones, release hormones
and they can conduct nerve impulses
AP Biology
Hypothalamus
 Therefore these cells receive signals
from other nerve cells that trigger them
to release hormones to the bloodstream
 Hypothalamus has 2 sets of
neurosecretory cells
1)
2)
AP Biology
Produces hormones of posterior pituitary
The other set produce releasing
hormones that regulate the anterior
pituitary
Pituitary Gland
 Posterior pituitary – stores & secretes
hormones made by the hypothalamus.
Both hormones act directly on muscles
and kidneys (rather than affecting other
endocrine glands)
 Anterior Pituitary – produce their own
hormones, several act on other
endocrine glands
AP Biology
tropic hormones = target endocrine glands
hypothalamus
thyroid-stimulating
hormone
(TSH)
Thyroid gland
Adrenal
cortex
posterior antidiuretic
pituitary hormone
(ADH)
anterior
pituitary
gonadotropic
hormones:
folliclestimulating
hormone (FSH)
& luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Kidney
tubules
Muscles
of uterus
Melanocyte
in amphibian
Bone
and muscle
AP Biology
Testes
Ovaries
Mammary
glands
in mammals
Pituitary Gland Videos
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBv
3oORDls8
AP Biology
tropic hormones = target endocrine glands
hypothalamus
posterior
pituitary
anterior
pituitary
Thyroid gland
Kidney
tubules
Muscles
of uterus
Adrenal
cortex
Melanocyte
in amphibian
Bone
and muscle
AP Biology
Testes
Ovaries
Mammary
glands
in mammals