Download Lesson6.5_Translation Process

Monday, April 2, 2012
Homework:
- Translation Checkup tomorrow
- Translation Practice due tomorrow
- Word Wall due on Block Day
- Quiz on DNAProtein- Block Day
Turn to entry from Friday:
Translation (mRNAProtein)- turn to back of
the worksheet (SIDE TWO)
Watch the animation and fill in the steps on
the worksheet.
Make a new entry:
Entry 31: Translation Notes- 4/2/12
See attached
A
D
E
C
B
4 Components used in Translation
1. mRNA- the message to be translated
into protein.
2. Amino acids- the building blocks that
are linked together to form the protein.
3. Ribosomes- the “machines” that carry
out translation.
4. tRNA (transfer RNA)- brings an amino acid
to the mRNA and ribosome.
-One end of a tRNA molecule has a 3 letter code
that matches with an mRNA codon.
- The other end has
a specific amino acid.
- A tRNA molecule with a
particular 3 letter always
carries the same type of amino acid.
How does translation occur?
How does translation occur?
1. The ribosome attaches to the mRNA
molecule.
2. The tRNA attaches to the mRNA. The
tRNA anticodon attaches to the mRNA
codon.
3. The first two amino acids are
joined/connected and the first tRNA leaves,
and the ribosome moves along the mRNA
to the next codon
4. The next tRNA brings in the next amino
acid, adding to the growing amino acid
chain.
5. The process continues with the ribosome
moving along the mRNA and the amino
acids linking together until a STOP codon
is reached.
6. The chain of amino acids folds into a
working protein—based on the attraction of
the side chains.
The CODE of translation
mRNA nucleotides are translated in groups
of 3 called codons.
AUGCACUGCAGUCGAUGA
CODONS
U
U
C
A
G
C
A
G
UUU Phenylalanine
(Phe)
UCU Serine (Ser)
UAU Tyrosine (Tyr)
UGU Cysteine (Cys)
U
UUC Phe
UCC Ser
UAC Tyr
UGC Cys
C
UUA Leucine (Leu)
UCA Ser
UAA STOP
UGA STOP
A
UUG Leu
UCG Ser
UAG STOP
UGG Tryptophan (Trp)
G
CUU Leucine (Leu)
CCU Proline (Pro)
CAU Histidine (His)
CGU Arginine (Arg)
U
CUC Leu
CCC Pro
CAC His
CGC Arg
C
CUA Leu
CCA Pro
CAA Glutamine (Gln)
CGA Arg
A
CUG Leu
CCG Pro
CAG Gln
CGG Arg
G
AUU Isoleucine (Ile)
ACU Threonine (Thr)
AAU Asparagine (Asn)
AGU Serine (Ser)
U
AUC Ile
ACC Thr
AAC Asn
AGC Ser
C
AUA Ile
ACA Thr
AAA Lysine (Lys)
AGA Arginine (Arg)
A
AUG Methionine (Met)
or START
ACG Thr
AAG Lys
AGG Arg
G
GUU Valine Val
GCU Alanine (Ala)
GAU Aspartic acid
(Asp)
GGU Glycine (Gly)
U
GUC (Val)
GCC Ala
GAC Asp
GGC Gly
C
GUA Val
GCA Ala
GAA Glutamic acid
(Glu)
GGA Gly
A
GUG Val
GCG Ala
GAG Glu
GGG Gly
G
Each codon codes for a specific amino
acid. 20 different amino acids can be used
in different combinations to form a
protein.
For example:
mRNA codon
amino acid
AAU
asparagine
CGC
arginine
GGG
glycine
- Amino Acid order determines shape.
- Interactions between amino acids side
chains folds of the chain.
How is the amino acid sequence
determined?
• The mRNA
• Each codon is a code for one amino acid
DNA sequence:
mRNA sequence:
amino acid sequence:
TACCGAGATTCA
AUGGCUCUAAGU
Met -- Ala -- Leu -- Ser
Make an entry:
Entry 32: Translation Practice-4/2/12
Met Pro
U A CG G A