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Climate Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction
Tri Dewi Virgiyanti
Deputy Director For Environmental Pollution And Degradation Control
Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS)
Workshop on Community-based Disaster Risk Management in Response to Climate Change
Ho Chi Minh, 18-19 September 2015
Outline
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DISASTER IN INDONESIA
CONVERGENCES CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION
ROLE OF NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION (RAN API) IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
LESSON-LEARNED ON DISASTER RELIEF AND DRR STRATEGY
CLOSING REMARKS
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DISASTER IN
INDONESIA
Geographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of
Indonesia Place the Country in A Vulnerable Position to
Climate Change Impact
 Archipelagic country with mountainous
profile and long coastline
 Monsoon that affecting annual rainfall trend
 Located in equatorial line and has a tropical
climate
 High population number that
concentrated in urban area
 Poverty level and local culture
highly affecting the community’s
adaptive capacity
 Residential development pattern often move
towards climate disaster-prone area
 Climate change context has not been integrated
optimally into development plan
(Eg: spatial planning still disregarding climate
change impact in an area)
Climate-related Disaster and
Development
In the past decade, Majority of disaster event
in Indonesia is hydrometeorological disaster
Climate change is predicted as will cause a 6.7%
drop of GDP in 4 South East Asia countries in
2100 (ADB, 2013)
In 2025, around 31% of global income will be
based in countries facing high or extreme risks
from climate change impact; where Indonesia is
amongst the high risk countries (Maplecroft,
2013).
Losses from Jakarta flooding in 2002 and 2007
reaches 1,5 trillion and 2 trillion IDR consecutively
(Bappenas, 2007)
Between 1981-1990, rice production experience
annual losses of around 100000 tonnes/regency. It
is predicted by 2050, there will be a dry rice deficit
that reaches 60 million tonnes (Boer, 2003)
Translating Vulnerability and Risk
into Actions
Drives the need
to develop
7 cities and regencies in Indonesia categorised as
the Top 10 highly vulnerable area to climate
change; where Jakarta comes out as the top most
vulnerable region (SIDA, 2009)
Number of Hydro-meteorogical
disaster in RAN API pilot site
800
600
400
200
0
BALI
DROUGHT
FLOOD
WEST JAVA
EAST JAVA
FOREST AND LAND FIRE
WEST NUSA
TENGGARA
LANDSLIDE
TORNADO
SOUTH
SUMATERA
NORTH
SUMATERA
EXTREME WAVE AND ABRASION
Source: DIBI, 1984-2014
CONVERGENCES CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION (CCA) AND DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION (DRR)
Convergence CCA – DRR
(Adopted Mitchell and Van Aalst, 2008)
Climate
Change
Adaptation
Disaster
Risk
Reduction
(Long term actions
plan to respond of
climate change
impact)
(Risk Management
based on Risk
Assessment and
Historical Data)
Risk Management related to hydro-meteorological
disaster to response of climate projection
i.e. flood, drought, landslide, extreme wave and
abrasion and extreme event
Management of CCA and DRR in
Indonesia
Management
CCA
DRR
Regulation
UU 32/2009
UU 24/2007
Institutional
BAPPENAS,
KLHK, BPBD
BNPB, BPBD
Planning
National Action
Plan of Climate
Change Adaptation
(RAN API)
National Action
Plan on Disaster
(RENAS PB)
Overview of Implementation
CCA – DRR in Indonesia
Supporting
Implementation
CCA
DRR
Actor/Forum
Task Force of Adapation
National Platform on
Disaster Risk Reduction
Research Methodology
Various Method on
Climate Risk and
Adaptation Assessment
PERKA 02/2012 of
General Guideline for
Risk Assessment
System of Data and
Information
Monev of RAN API and
SIDIK
DIBI and Disaster Risk
Index
ROLE OF NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE
CHANGE ADAPTATION (RAN-API) IN
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING SYSTEM
How Indonesia Move Towards National
Action Plan for Climate Change
Adaptation (RAN-API)
RPJMN 2010-2014
1
Bureaucracy and Governance Reform
9
Environment and Disaster Management
2
10
Politics, Law and Security
3
Education
Health
4
Poverty Eradication
11
Disadvantaged, Forefront, Outer and Post-conflict Regions
5
Food Security
Infrastructure
Investment Climate
Energy
12
Economic
Culture, Creativity an Technological Innovation
People Welfare
6
7
8
13
14
RKP 2010
RKP 2011
RKP 2014
ACCELERATION OF
JUST ECONOMIC
GROWTH
SUPPORTED BY
STRENGTHENING
GOVERNANCE AND
LOCAL-CENTRAL
SYNERGY
“EXPANSION AND
ACCELERATION OF
JUST AND
INCLUSIVE
ECONOMIC
GROWTH FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF
PEOPLE WELFARE”
RKP 2013
RECOVERY OF
NATIONAL ECONOMIC
AND SUSTAINING
PEOPLE WELFARE
STRENGTHENING
DOMESTIC
ECONOMY FOR
THE
IMPROVEMENT
AND EXPANSION
OF PEOPLE
WELFARE
STRENGTHENING
OF NATIONAL
ECONOMY TO
IMPROVE JUST
PEOPLE WELFARE
1. PERPRES 61/2011
RAN GRK
2. PERPRES 71/2011
GHG INVENTORY
3. Adaptation Strategy
Initial
Development
of RAN-API
Consultation and
socialization of
RAN-API
1. Sustainable
Development
Mainstreaming
2. Cross-sectoral Program:
Climate Change
RKP 2012
RAN API
Launching and
Pilot Location
General Framework of RAN-API
MAIN GOAL
CLIMATE CHANGE-ADAPTIVE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
ECOSYSTEM
RESILIENCE
SPECIFIC REGION
RESILIENCE
Target
ECONOMIC RESILIENCE
SUPPORTING
SYSTEM
LIVING SYSTEM
RESILIENCE
Knowledge Management, Planning and Finance/Budgeting, Capacity
Development, Monitoring and Evaluation
Sector and Sub-sector of RAN API
Sector
Sub Sector
Economic Resilience
•Food Security
•Energy Independence
Living System Resilience
• Health
• Housing
•Infrastructure
Ecosystem Resilience
•Ecosystem and Biodiversity
Specific Region Resilience
•Urban
•Coastal and Small Islands
Supporting System
•Data and Information
•Capacity Building
•Research and Development
Future of CCA and RAN API in relation to
National Development Planning System
Inclusion to
National
Development
Plan Document
(Non-Spatial)
Progress
to date
Included in the
Technocratic
Draft of RPJMN
2015-2019 as
part of Crosssectoral
Program
Responsibilities BNPB in RAN-API
(example…)
Activities
Indicator
Programs/Activities in RKP
SECTOR LIVING SYSTEM RESILIENCE
Sub-Sector Housing
Cluster 3.
Community
Empowerment
Increased participation and
community capacity in
disaster risk reduction as a
result of climate change in
vulnerable residential area,
etc.
Activities
• Community involvement in the planning
process of adaptation to climate change
• The increasing commitment to disaster
management actors due to climate change
Indikator
• Disaster Management
Program/Community
Empowerment
• Technical Management and
Implementation Support of other
Technical Task of BNPB
Programs/Activities in RKP
SECTOR LIVING SYSTEM RESILIENCE
Sub-Sector Infrastructure
Cluster 6.
Increased
infrastructure
support system
adaptation to
climate change
Development of information
systems that are reliable
response to climate change
and cross-cutting issues
• Collected and drafting documents
containing data and information for
disaster risk due to climate change
• The achievement of information about
climate change to the public and local
institutions
• Disaster Relief Program /
Application Development
Information and Communication
Technology for Risk Reduction and
Mitigation of Natural Disasters
The application of information and
communication systems for early warning to
control the quality of environmental services
• Program Disaster Management /
Disaster Preparedness
SECTOR ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE
Cluster 6.
Development of
Information and
Stabilization, maintenance
and updating of information
and communication systems
Role of BNPB in
Cross-Sectoral Policy of Climate Change
NO
1
2
3
4
Priority Activities
Disaster preparedness
INDICATOR
Number of preparedness activities
Number of contingency plans
Number of extension materials
preparedness
Number of preparedness guidelines for
early warning systems
Application development
The number of activities on disaster
information and communication communication forum
technology for risk reduction
Number of technical guidance data and
and mitigation of natural
disaster information
disasters
The number of documents disaster
baseline data Indonesia
Prevention and disaster risk
Number facilitation of disaster risk
reduction
reduction
Number of socialization of disaster risk
reduction
Number of guidelines for disaster risk
reduction
Strategic thematic maps to
Map Sheet Number Amount (NLP)
support national priorities
Thematic priorities related to national
WAY FORWARD
2015 2016 2017 2018
UNIT
2
3
4
Reports
14
15
16
Documents
3
4
5
Reports
1
2
2
Guidelines
5
5
5
Activities
3
3
3
Activities
1
1
1
Document
50
55
60
Locations
12
12
12
Activities
3
3
3
Document
56
56
56
56
NLP
Lesson-learned on disaster relief and
DRR strategy: Aceh - Nias
GOI POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR DRR
Goal
Reducing disaster risk index in the growth center which high risk to disaster.
Policy
1. Reducing economic losses
2. Strengthening the capacity of central government, local government and
communities to deal with disaster
Strategy
Internalization of DRR within
sustainable development
framework at national and local
level
1.Integrated DRR into
national and local
development plan
2.Disaster risk assessment
and monitoring
3.Incorporated risk
assessment and risk map
into local development
plan and spatial plan;
4.Harmonization of policies
and regulations in the
disaster management
5.Preparation of
contingency plans at the
district/city level
Reducing the vulnerability to
disaster
1. Encourage and cultivate a
culture of disaster awareness
2. Socialization and dissemination
of DRR to the communities
3. Provision and dissemination of
disaster information to the
public
4. Conducting disaster training
regularly and continuously
5. Strengthening partnership with
various stakeholders
6. Improving the quality of life of
peoples at disaster affected
areas
7. Environmental management in
disaster prone areas
8. Fostering local knowledge in
disaster mitigation
Strengthening the capacity of
central government, local
government and communities
1. Strengthening institutional
capacity and apparatus
2. Provision of disaster early
warning system
3. Development and utilization of
science and technology and
education for DRR
4. simulation and disaster
preparedness drills
5. Provision of infrastructure for
disaster mitigation and
preparedness
6. Increase the capacity for
logistics management and
distribution
20
National Policy for
Disaster Risk Reduction
Law No. 24 / 2007 on DM
Gov. Reg on DRR
Arrangement
Gov. Reg on DRR
Financing
Gov. Reg on DRR
External Supports
Presidential Regulation
on the establishment of
National Disaster
Management Agency
(BNPB)
 Changing paradigm in DM:
 Responsive  Preventive
 Sectoral  Multi-sectoral
 Government initiative Shared-responsibility
 Centralized  Decentralized
 Mitigation  Disaster risk reduction
 National and Local Plan for DM
 National and Local Action Plan for DRR
 Funding Arrangement for DM:
National Budget, Local Budget, Private sectors
and/or community, International Donors and
NGOs
 Ministry of Home Affairs Decree on the
establishment of Local Disaster
Management Agency (BPBD)
468 Local Disaster Management Agencies
established until August 2015
21
Lesson-learned from Post-Disaster Recovery in
Aceh-Nias
1.
In 2004, a massive tsunami devastated 800 kilometers of coastline in the Indonesian province of
Aceh. More than 170,000 people went missing or dead and more than hundreds of thousands of
homes, buildings, roads and bridges were destroyed. Another great earthquake hit the islands of
Nias on March 2005. Consequently, the local government function was collapsed by this massive
impact of tsunami.
2.
The central government set up BRR (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Board) to convey the
process of rehabilitation and reconstruction. During the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase
in 2005-2009, approximately 120,000 permanent houses were built using financial scheme
mixed-approach (Contractual or CDD).
3.
APBN projects implemented through BRR, with the participation of the local government.
4.
Donor has given a significant contribution to the rehabilitation and reconstruction process,
including to the livelihood and people’s recovery. Its work is being coordinated and monitored by
BRR.
In 5 years, there are more than 900 health facilities, 1,135 schools, 3,000 km roads, 3,200 religion
facilities completed build and more than 130,000 SMEs has been supported.
5.
6.
To continuously support the DRR in Aceh-Nias, GoI support internalization of DRR within
sustainable development framework at national and local level, reducing the vulnerability of the
local community to disaster, as well as strengthening the capacity of the central government, local
government and Aceh-Nias communities.
22
CLOSING REMARKS
Concept of Climate Inclusive DRR in
Indonesia
Climate
Inclusive DRR
• Protection of existing and future
investment due to climate
change
• Prevention of new risk disaster
• Community-based resilience
DRR System
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
CCA Process
• CCA Policy
• Adaptation Strategies
• Program and Activities of CCA
Source: BNPB at RAN API pilot site meeting, February 2015
Thank You