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Taste Aversion •Learned avoidance of a particular food. •Foods often make us ill if they are unhealthy, even poisonous Cawley’s Taste Aversion Adapting to the Environment • • • • Taste Aversions Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Generalization and Discrimination Extinction • When a conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus (US), it will eventually lose its ability to bring about a conditioned response (CR). Spontaneous Recovery • Organisms display responses that were extinguished earlier • CS is again applied after an absence • The CR reappears, though often weaker Generalization & Discrimination • Generalization – Act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem to be similar, even if the stimuli are not identical – Ex.→ Cawley gets sick when he eats a Hershey bar • Discrimination – Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other – Ex → Cawley WILL eat coconut cream pie Applications of Classical Conditioning • Flooding • Systematic Desensitization • Counterconditioning Flooding •A person is exposed to the harmless stimuli until fear responses to that stimuli are extinguished •Effective but very unpleasant Systematic Desensitization • People are taught relaxation techniques • Gradual exposure to feared stimulus Counterconditioning • A pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one, counteracting the fear. ALL human behavior is a matter of conditioning. • John Watson