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Muscles - practice 65 Energy for cells Muscle tissue practice Muscles Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle It is composed from spindle-like cells. Size 15 -20 μm in vessels, 150 – 200μm in organs Occurence: wall of hollow organs,skin,vessels, prostate, eye Single or in layers Smooth muscle Actin and myosin form network. Dense bodies – correspond to Z band (α actinin) Hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions, gap junctions, pinocytic invagination Mitochondria, GA and RER Proteosynthesis (elastin, collagen, renin) Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Basic unit - cell Cell are connected by intercellular contacts – intercalated discs Actin, myosin, mitochondria up to 30-40% volume Sarcoplasmic reticulum – diads T tubule is wider than in skeletal muscle There are plenty of capillaries in cardiac muscle Intercalated discs Adhesion – interdigitation, desmosomes and fascia adherens Transmission of information – gap junction Intercalated discs Fascia adherens – anchoring actin filaments Desmosomes – anchoring intermediate filaments Gap junctions – transmissions of information between cells – coordination Conducting system of heart Sino-atrial node Atrio-ventricular node Band of Hiss Branches of Tawar Fibres of Purkyně Purkyně fibers Skeletal muscle Fibre – content of many nuclei under sarcolemma. There are organels (RER,GA) Cytoplasm is filled of myofibrils Sarcoplasmic reticulum – tubules and cisternae. T- tubulus + cisternae = triads Mitochondria and resources (lipids and glycogen), myoglobin Skeletal muscle Actin and myosin are organised in regulary way – forms myofibrils, which are striated Sarcomere – part of myofibrile Actin and myosin are attached to cytoskeleton and cellular membrane, to the connective tissue and to the bone Sarcoplasmatic reticulum Terminal cisternae Sarcoplasmic reticulum Transverse tubulus (T-tubulus) Pool of Ca++ ions Skeletal muscle White fiber – thicker, more actin and myosin molecules, glycogen, less mitochondria, lipids, myoglobin – anaerobic metabolism, fast Red fiber – thiner, more mitochodria, lipids and myoglobin, less actin and myosin, glycogen – slow (similar to cardiac muscle) – aerobic metabolism Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscles vary in structure, function and metabolism White fibre Red fibre Intermediate fibre Connective tissue in skeletal muscle Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium Fascia Tendon Skeletal muscle Basic unit – fibres of skeletal muscle Blood supply Inervation: Neuro-muscular plate Muscle spindle Sensitive nerve ending Muscle spindle