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Muscles - practice
65 Energy for cells
Muscle tissue practice
Muscles
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Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
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It is composed from spindle-like cells. Size 15
-20 μm in vessels, 150 – 200μm in organs
Occurence: wall of hollow organs,skin,vessels,
prostate, eye
Single or in layers
Smooth muscle
Actin and myosin form network. Dense
bodies – correspond to Z band (α actinin)
 Hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions, gap
junctions, pinocytic invagination
 Mitochondria, GA and RER
 Proteosynthesis (elastin, collagen, renin)
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Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Basic unit - cell
 Cell are connected by intercellular
contacts – intercalated discs
 Actin, myosin, mitochondria up to 30-40%
volume
 Sarcoplasmic reticulum – diads
 T tubule is wider than in skeletal muscle
 There are plenty of capillaries in cardiac
muscle
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Intercalated discs
Adhesion –
interdigitation,
desmosomes
and fascia
adherens
 Transmission of
information –
gap junction
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Intercalated discs
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Fascia adherens – anchoring actin filaments
Desmosomes – anchoring intermediate filaments
Gap junctions – transmissions of information between
cells – coordination
Conducting system of heart
Sino-atrial node
 Atrio-ventricular node
 Band of Hiss
 Branches of Tawar
 Fibres of Purkyně
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Purkyně fibers
Skeletal muscle
Fibre – content of many nuclei under
sarcolemma. There are organels (RER,GA)
 Cytoplasm is filled of myofibrils
 Sarcoplasmic reticulum – tubules and
cisternae. T- tubulus + cisternae = triads
 Mitochondria and resources (lipids and
glycogen), myoglobin
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Skeletal muscle
Actin and myosin are organised in regulary
way – forms myofibrils, which are striated
 Sarcomere – part of myofibrile
 Actin and myosin are attached to
cytoskeleton and cellular membrane, to
the connective tissue and to the bone
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Sarcoplasmatic reticulum
Terminal cisternae
 Sarcoplasmic
reticulum
 Transverse tubulus
(T-tubulus)
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Pool of Ca++ ions
Skeletal muscle
White fiber – thicker, more actin and
myosin molecules, glycogen, less
mitochondria, lipids, myoglobin – anaerobic
metabolism, fast
 Red fiber – thiner, more mitochodria, lipids
and myoglobin, less actin and myosin,
glycogen – slow (similar to cardiac muscle)
– aerobic metabolism
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Skeletal muscle
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Skeletal muscles vary in structure, function
and metabolism
White fibre
 Red fibre
 Intermediate
fibre
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Connective tissue in skeletal
muscle
Endomysium
 Perimysium
 Epimysium
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Fascia
 Tendon
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Skeletal muscle
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Basic unit – fibres of skeletal muscle
Blood supply
Inervation:
Neuro-muscular plate
Muscle spindle
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Sensitive nerve
ending
Muscle spindle