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Chapter 15 Review
Vocabulary: mental disorder, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, positive symptoms, negative
symptoms, disordered speech (word salad), alogia, flat affect, avolition,
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is abnormal.
2. Distinguish how different perspectives might explain the origin of psychological disorders.
3. Know what the DSM-IV is and how it is used to diagnosis psychological disorders.
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of diagnosing a psychological disorder.
5. Identify statistics in regards to the frequency of mental health problems and the likelihood of
seeking professional treatment (lecture).
6. Identify the major symptoms of schizophrenia.
7. List and describe the subtypes of schizophrenic disorders.
8. Explain the possible causes of schizophrenia.
9.
Identify what a mood disorders is.
10. List and describe the subtypes of mood disorders.
11. Know which serious mental disorder is the most common and how common it is in men vs.
women (lecture).
12. Identify what an anxiety disorder is.
13. Distinguish normal from abnormal anxiety (lecture).
14. List and describe the subtypes of anxiety disorders.
15. Explain the possible causes of phobias.
16. Identify what a personality disorder is.
17. List and describe the following personality disorders: antisocial, borderline.
18. Identify what a dissociative disorder is.
19. List and describe the subtypes of dissociative disorders.
20. Identify the commonly cited cause for DID and how frequent it is in DID patients.
21. Discuss what evidence exists that certain mental disorders have a genetic component.
Ch 15 Abnormal
Anxiety Disorders
Disorder
*irrational anxiety *uncontrollable anxiety
*disruptive anxiety
Symptomology/Description
constant, excessive, pervasive, “free floating”
anxiety
Example
Mary is constantly worrying about everything,
all the time.
repeated, unexpected episodes of extreme
anxiety
Mary occasionally for no apparent reason feels
her heart start racing and thinks she might die.
panic attacks triggered by a specific object or
Mary experiences extreme anxiety every time
situation
she has to get on an airplane
*agoraphobia (fear of having panic with no
escape)
Anxiety as a result of an extreme physical of
Mary experiences anxiety related to living
psychological trauma. Anxiety occurs without a through a tornado hitting her town last year.
specific environmental trigger.
Intrusive and repetitive thoughts cause anxiety
Mary is constantly thinking about germs. She
and often a need to perform certain actions to
washes her hands at least 100 times a day.
try to relieve the anxiety.
Anxiety Disorders: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety
Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobias
Mood Disorders
*cognitive, behavioral and physical effects *emotional state does NOT
reflect life events
Disorder
Symptomology/Description
Example
Extreme despondency that impairs
Mary is sleeping all the time, not eating and has lost
the ability to function
interest in most activities she loved. She is deeply
sad.
Chronic low grade depression
Mary has a generally bleak view of things. Although
she can function life is more of a chore than a joy.
Depression caused by lack of
Mary always gets sad around thanksgiving and
sunlight, usually in the fall or
Christmas. Usually in the spring she starts feeling
winter months.
better.
Depression alternates with mania
Sometimes Mary is so depressed we worry about her
being suicidal. At other times she is so overconfident
and happy we worry about her making irrational
decisions.
Low grade bipolar disorder
You never know from week to week whether Mary
will be sad and gloomy or happy and peppy.
Mood Disorders: Dysthymic Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, Seasonal
Affective Disorder, Major Depression
Personality Disorders: *maladaptive and inflexible personality traits
Disorder
Symptomology/Description
People who ignore and violate other
people’s rights (also called
sociopaths or psychopaths)
Example
Ever since she was small Mary liked torturing the
neighborhood animals. As an adult Mary is
somewhat scary because she seems to have no
empathy for others.
People who experience unstable
Mary has a history of bad breakups. She tends to see
relationships, emotions and self
her significant others as perfect one minute and evil
image. Often impulsive and selfthe next. Mary sometimes cuts herself and buys
destructive.
things on impulse.
Personality Disorders: Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder
Dissociative Disorders: *disruptions in awareness, memory and identity
Disorder
Symptomology/Description
Loss of memory for personal
information caused by trauma
Example
Although Mary was an eye witness to the school shooting
which left 20 students dead, she is unable to remember
anything about the event.
Amnesia, identity confusion
Mary was found on the edge of town this morning. She is
and wandering away from
unsure of who she is and cannot remember how she got
home
there. It’s all very mysterious.
2 or more distinct identities,
Sometimes Mary is a normal 14 year old, but other times
memory problems.
she calls herself “Sally” and speaks with the voice and
Associated with extreme
vocabulary of a six year old. Mary lives with a foster
physical/sexual abuse.
family since the state took her away from her biological
parents because of abuse.
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Fugue, Dissociative
Amnesia
Schizophrenia (fits under Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in DSM IV)
Disorder
Schizophrenia
Symptomology/Description
Distorted beliefs (delusions), distorted
perceptions (hallucinations) and
distorted thought processes.
Example
Mary has had problems since she turned 25. She
often hears voices telling her that she’s no good and
that she deserves to die. She believes that these
voices are communications from an alien
civilization.
From the PowerPoint:
Symptomology and Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Hallucinations (distorted perceptions), can involve all 5 senses (auditory are most common)
Delusions (distorted beliefs), common ones include grandeur and persecution
Disordered Thought
disordered speech (word salad) “Give paper floor me school hop bus.”
neologisms (made up words) “I am going to the park to ride the wallywhoop.”
clang speech (rhyming) “Deck the halls with boughs of holly, folly, polly, dolly, hello Dolly, want a
lollipop?”
(-)flat affect (lack of emotional response and facial expression)
(-)alogia (poverty of speech)
(-)avolition (problems in carrying out goal-directed behaviors).
Paranoid:
Disorganized:
Catatonic
Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations. Most common
Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion. Most
serious type.
Immobility (or excessive, purposeless movement), extreme negativism,
Undifferentiated, Residual(in
remission)
and/or parrotlike repeating of another’s speech or movements. Least
common
Schizophrenia symptoms without fitting one of the above types