Download Global chapter 6 section 1-2.... More

Global chapter 6 section 1-2
Front
Republic
Patrician
Plebeian
Back
System of gov't in which officials are chosen by the people
Member of the landholding upper class in ancient Rome
Member of the lower class: includes farmers, merchants, artisans, & traders
Official who was elected by the plebeians to protect their interests
Tribune
They could veto laws they felt were harmful to plebeians
Veto
Power to block a gov't action
Legion
Basic unit of ancient Roman army, made up of 5,000 soldiers
Ruler who has complete control over a gov't; a leader appointed to rule for 6 months
Dictator
in times of emergency
Official from the Patrician class who supervised the gov't and commanded the
Consul
armies
• the most powerful gov't body in early republic
• 300 members: patricians
Senate
• served for life
• elected 2 consuls each year- only served 1 term
Dictator that left his plow, organized an army,amended victory celebrations, &
Cincinnatus
returned to his fields- all within 16 days
Global chapter 6 section 1-2.... More
Front
Laws of 12 Tables
270 BCE
Citizen- soldiers
Punishments/
rewards
Conquered people
had to....
In return, Rome let
them keep their
own.....
Back
Plebeians demanded part in the gov't, and equality. 1st breakthrough: they
claimed that they couldn't know what the laws were because they weren't
written down: gov't inscribed the laws on 12 tablets & set them up in
Forum (the marketplace)
Rome had conquered all of Italy by this time
Fought w/out pay & supplied own weapons
Reward: praise & gifts
Punishment: 1 in every 10 men in the disgraced legion was put to death
• acknowledge Roman leadership
• pay taxes
• supply soldiers
• customs
• money
• local government
Few Privileged groups got the highly prized right of full citizenship, or
partial citizenship,& were allowed to marry Romans & carry on trade with
in the growing city on the Tiber
• to protect it's conquests, Rome posted soldiers throughout the land
Italy began to unite •network of all weather military roads to link distant provinces to Rome
under Roman rule..... • trade/ travel increased, local languages put Latin in & adopted customs/
beliefs
• between 264 BCE- 146 BCE
• 3 wars against Carthage
Punic Wars
• 1st war: Rome
•
• father - Hamilcar
Hannibal
• leader of Carthaginian army
• 218 BCE- from Spain, across pyrenees, thru France, over alps
For 15 yrs Hannibal went across Italy , winning battle after battle.
• never able to capture Rome
• Rome attacked cartage and Hannibal went home to protect it
Second Punic War
• Rome defeated Hannibal
• Rome had control over western Mediterranean
•
Gloabl chapter 6 section 1-2...... Again
Front
3rd Punic War
How did winning an
empire affect Rome?
Gracchus Brothers
Caesar
Back
• allowed hannibal to remain free
• Hannibal fled east & drank poison rather than surrender to Rome
• Cato- carthage must be destroyed!
• rome attacked Carthage- survivors were killed or sold as slaves
• new class of wealthy- huge estates (latifundia)
• slave labor hurt small farmers
• landless went to cities for work
• gap between rich and poor widened
• angry mobs/ riots/ corruption
Tiberius:
• tribune in 133 BCE
• distribute land 2 farmers
Gaius:
• 10 yrs l8tr
• public funds 2 buy grain 4 poor
Both brothers were killed, which showed that Rome could no longer
solve it's problems peacefully
• brought Gaul (France) under Roman control
• Pompey told Caesar to disband army & cum home- Caesar - no
Absolute Ruler of Rome
• reforms: public works, public land to poor, reorganized gov't of
Octavian & Antony
A Stable Government
Good and bad emperors
The Roman Peace (Pax
Romana)
Family & Religion
Bread & Circuses
provinces, gave citizenship to more peeps & new calendar
• Ides of March- fortune teller warned him of this day- he was
stabbed to death that night
Antony:
• caesars chief general
• ally: cleopatra
Octavian:
• grandnephew
• beat Antony
• Augustus : Exalted One
• absolute power- republic came to an end
• civil service charged with enforcing the law
• high-level jobs were available to all men- regardless of class
• cities & provinces: large amount of self government
• tax system: census
• postal service
• new coins to make trade easier
• jobless to work on roads, temples & farms
•
Good: hadrian & Marcus aurelius
Bad: Caligula & Nero
• peace, unity, prosperity
• trade from Africa, India, china, Egypt & Iran & Persia
Family:
• father: absolute power
• patrician women: larger role in society
• women: businesses, but most worked at home
Education: girls & boys learned to read & write (some wealthy had
tutors)
Religion:
• Roman Gods & goddesses
• Roman calendar
• mystery religions- life after death
Circus Maximus:
• largest racecourse- chariots
• gladiator contests (gladiators were slaves, could win freedom, but
he could also be killed)
• amusements controlled cities mobs
Bread:
• provided free grain to the poor
• warned against "bread & circuses" but no1 listened