Download Comp 6b – 6e

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Competency 6b-6e
6. Demonstrate an understanding of principles that explain the diversity of life and biological evolution.
b. Critique data (e.g., comparative anatomy, biogeography, molecular biology, fossil record, etc.) used by
scientists (e.g., Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, Pasteur) to develop an understanding of evolutionary
processes and patterns. (DOK 3)
c. Research and summarize the contributions of scientists, (including Darwin, Malthus, Wallace, Lamarck,
and Lyell) whose work led to the development of the theory of evolution. (DOK 2)
d. Analyze and explain the roles of natural selection, including the mechanisms of speciation (e.g.,
mutations, adaptations, geographic isolation) and applications of speciation (e.g., pesticide and antibiotic
resistance). (DOK 3)
e. Differentiate among chemical evolution, organic evolution, and the evolutionary steps along the way
to aerobic heterotrophs and photosynthetic autotrophs. (DOK 2)
DaBook Sections
13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4,
14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 17.8
Spontaneous Generation & Biogenesis
1. Explain spontaneous generation.
2. Explain the experiments & conclusions of the following scientists: Francesco Redi, John Needham,
Lazzaro Spallanzani, & Louis Pasteur.
3. Explain biogenesis.
The Theory of Evolution
4. Explain theory of evolution.
5. What is theory also called?
6. Explain the contribution of Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck to spontaneous generation.
7. Describe his idea of “First Law.” Discuss an organism he said was an example of his law.
8. Was his theory disproved? Explain.
9. What is a theory? How are theories developed? Can theories be disproven?
10. Who established the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? What was the name of the book
he published? What island is famous for its relationship to the theory?
11. How are finches on the Galapagos Islands similar? How are they different?
12. How are turtles on the Galapagos Islands similar? How are they different?
13. Summarize On the Origin of Species.
14. Define species, population, natural selection, survival of the fittest, and descent with modification.
15. Discuss Lamarch’s influence on Darwin.
16. Discuss Thomas Malthus’s influence on Darwin.
17. Discuss Charles Lyell’s influence on Darwin.
18. What is uniformitarianism? Whose idea is it? What book was it published in?
19. What scientist worked on evolution by natural selection at the same time as Darwin? What was
his contribution?
20. Discuss Neo-Darwinism.
21. Does natural selection create new genes? Explain.
22. Discuss mutations in relation to natural selection.
Ideas on the Origin of Life
23. Explain chemical evolution.
24. Discuss the process & outcome of the Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis.
25. Discuss the process & outcome of the Miller-Urey Experiment.
26. What are the arguments against Oparin’s experiments?
27. What molecule was Oparin trying to create?
28. Discuss Panspermia.
29. Discuss Sidney Fox’s experiments. What molecule was he trying to create?
30. What is a protocell?
31. List several obstacles to chemical evolution.
Evolution of Cells
32. Some scientists believe that the first cell must have been...
33. Explain each of the terms used in the answer to #32.
34. The first cells would have been classified as ___.
35. Define autotrophic & discuss the two types.
36. Which organism do scientists think is responsible for helping form our
atmosphere? Explain.
37. If photosynthetic prokaryotic cells produced the free oxygen now found in the atmosphere, the
earth would then have become more hostile to life because _.
38. Contrast prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
39. Explain the most widely accepted theory of how eukaryotes formed.
40. What two organelles do some scientists say originated from the theory mentioned in #39?
41. Define symbiotic relationship.
42. Draw & label the illustration on page 285.
Natural Selection
43. Define natural selection.
44. List the five key elements of natural selection.
45. List the two qualifications to be considered a species.
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46. (True or False) The process of natural selection causes individuals to produce new traits.
47. Define population.
48. List & explain three ways natural selection affects the distribution of gene in a species.
49. Evolutionary scientists believe that random ___ are responsible for creating the variety of life.
50. Define adaptation.
51. Discuss the three examples on pages 296 & 297.
Diversity in Gene Pools
52. Define diversity, genes, and gene pool.
53. What is the effect of gene pool on diversity.
54. Species can lose traits through ___, ___, ___, & ___.
55. Discuss an example of natural selection having an effect on the gene pool.
56. Discuss an example of genetic drift having an effect on the gene pool.
57. Discuss two examples of the threat of extinction having an effect on the gene pool.
58. Discuss an example of selective breeding having an effect on the gene pool.
59. Discuss an example of mutations having an effect on the gene pool.
60. Define antibiotic & give an example of the effects of mutations on antibiotics.
61. Define pesticide & give an example of the effects of mutations on pesticides.
62. Define herbicide & give an example of the effects of mutations on herbicides.
Speciation
63. Define speciation.
64. Discuss geographic isolation & give an example.
65. Discuss temporal isolation & give an example.
66. Discuss behavorial isolation & give an example.
Evidences of Evolution
67. In less than 250 years, scientists have identified & named almost ___ different species. Over ___
are insects.
68. Most scientists estimate that there are between 20 billion & 100 billion species existing today &
they believe about ___% of all species that ever lived are now extinct.
69. The theory of __ requires ___, or even ___, of years for organisms to make noticeable changes.
Scientists have not yet made much progress in artificially ___ in a lab setting. Indeed, it ___ be
possible to do so.
70. Scientists rely on ___, ___, & ___ to show evidence of evolution.
71. How do scientists use the fossil record to try show to evidence of evolution?
72. List the steps of fossil formation in order.
73. Contrast relative dating & radiometric dating.
74. What is “half-life?”
75. Scientists use extracted DNA from fossils to determine what two things?
76. Darwin believed that as an organism evolved, there must have been many intermediate forms.
Some intermediate fossils have been found. Give an example of a transitional species that links
reptiles to bird (so they say :P).
77. The lack of transitional forms & the sudden appearance of some fully-formed species in the
fossil record have caused some scientists to…
78. What idea was proposed by Eldredge & Gould? What did it suggest?
79. How do scientists use comparative anatomy to try to show evidence of evolution?
80. Define homologous & analogous structures.
81. Describe & give examples of vestigial structures.
82. What is embryology & what information do scientist gather from it?
83. Define biogeography.
84. What is Pangaea?
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85. How do scientists use biogeography to try to show evidence of evolution?
Patterns of Evolution
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
Discuss divergent evolution. Give an example. What proof do scientists use?
Explain adaptive radiation. Give an example.
Discuss convergent evolution. Give an example. What proof do scientists use?
Discuss coevolution. Give an example. What proof do scientists use?
Differentiate among chemical evolution & organic evolution,
Animal Adaptations (Section 17.8, page 377)
91. Define adaptation.
92. Organisms that have characteristics that make them better able to live in a certain environments
are more likely to ___ (3).
93. Explain each of the three types of adaptations.
94. Discuss two types of adaptations for attracting a mate & give an example of each.
95. Some adaptations for helping animals obtain & eat food include the ability to ___, a keen sense
of ___, or even the different types of ___ that allow ___ to have ___.
96. Discuss 8 specific examples of animal adaptations for obtaining & eating food.
97. Discuss 10 specific examples of animal adaptations for protection from predators.
98. Discuss 4 specific examples of animal adaptations for climate survival.
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Complete the following concept map using the Word Bank.
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