Download Heart

Anatomy & Physiology 120
Lab 12: The Heart
What you need to Know and Do
• Be able to define and identify the terms in you Lab
handouts*****
– On a model
– On a preserved sheep heart
– On a diagram
• Be able to determine
– Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure
– pulse pressure
– mean arterial blood pressure
• What you need to do: Lab 36 & (37, 38) & 39
– Complete parts A and B (lab 36) & label figures
– Skip (lab 37 & 38)
– Test blood pressure (lab 39)
The Heart – Starting from the Outside
• Parietal pericardium - outer layer of the pericardium
– The pericardium has outer and inner coats
• The outer coat is tough and thickened, loosely cloaks the
heart.
• Epicardium - the inner layer of the pericardium
(a.k.a – visceral pericardium)
• The inner coat is stuck closely to the heart
• Myocardium – Thick middle layer of the heart
(contains mostly cardiac muscle)
• Endocardium – The inner layer of the heart
Body Membranes
Serous membranes
• Visceral & Parietal Pleura (lung)
• Visceral & Parietal Pericardium (heart)
• Visceral & Parietal Peritoneum (abdominal cavity)
Note: Visceral – inner layer
Parietal – outer layer
Heart
or
Lung
Layers of the Heart
Outside
the heart
Parietal
Pericardium
Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Inside the heart
Base
From the body
9
5
5
4
1
Pulmonary
veins
7
6
6
Pulmonary
veins
2
Bicuspid valve
3
8
1
Apex
http://www.merck.com/media/mmhe2/figures/fg020_1.gif
Base
Apex
Heart Values
Atrioventricular (AV valves)
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Bicuspid
Chordae tendineae
Tricuspid Valve
Papillary muscle
Interventricular
septum
people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes5.htm
Heart Values
Semilunar
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Auricles
Show Lab Model
here!!
Also pg 335 in
your book

Small "ear-shaped" pouches
projecting from the upper
anterior portion of each atrium
of the heart, increasing
slightly the atrial volume
http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-potter/Fetal_Blood_Vessels
Coronary Arteries & Cardiac Veins
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
- Supplies blood to the tissue of the heart
Coronary Veins
- Drain blood that passes through myocardial
capillaries
Coronary sinus
- Empties into the right atrium
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Records the electrical
changes that occur in the
myocardium (heart muscle)
during a cycle
Pg 337 book
• Why this works – Body fluids
conduct electrical currents
• Electrodes are placed on the
skin & wires connected
• The interment responds to low
levels of electricity
• Moves a pen up & down
according to changes
http://jlhuss.blog.lemonde.fr/
photos/uncategorized/ecg.gif
Atrial Systole – Atria Contract
Ventricular Diastole – Ventricles Relax
Ventricular systole – Ventricles Contract
Atrial diastole - Atria Relax
Heart Sounds
Sounds come from the vibrations in the heart tissues due to
closing of the valves. Lubb-dupp
1) Lubb – Ventricular contraction (Systole)
(Closing if the AV valves)
2) Dubb – Ventricular relaxation (Diastole)
(Closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves)
Blood Pressure
• Pulse pressure – (also know as blood pressure)
The force exerted against the inner wall of blood
vessels
• Mean arterial pressure - average arterial
pressure during a single cardiac cycle
– Can be used by doctors to help diagnose
particular issues
• Measure your lab partners blood pressure
– Normal: Systolic = 120 (high140) (low 90)
– Normal: Diastolic = 80 (high 90) (low 60)
How to measure blood pressure
Need a sphygmamanometer
& a stethoscope
Clean the ear pieces of the
stethoscope
Sit quietly and relaxed
Place the cuff just above the elbow
Wrap it snug but not tight
Center the rubber bulb hose at the
anterior of the arm
Close the valve of the rubber bulb
Next listen very carefully
to me.
Follow the instructions on page 282
of your lab manual
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/dynamichuman2/content/gifs/0136A.gif