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Name _____________________ THE BIG IDEAS ABOUT Ancient Greece: Geographic Setting: Ancient Rome is situated in the center of the Italian Peninsula, which is located in the center of the Mediterranean Sea. The location made it easy for trade, travel, and conquest. The peninsula had fertile land and rolling hills that aided in its protection. The city of Rome itself sat in the center of the hills, which allowed it to see incoming invaders and to guard itself. Two legendary twin brothers who were raised by a shewolf founded ancient Rome. They were known as Romulus & Remus. The Roman army was very powerful and allowed for Rome to grow into a large and vast empire. The army was broken into Legions, which were brotherly in nature and worked to greatly expand the empire. They fought in packs of 80 or less and grew to be like family to one another. During the Roman conquer of other territories; the Romans treated those they conquered quite fairly. They allowed them to carry on Life as it was prior to conquering. The conquered individuals initially were even granted citizenship to the Roman Empire (which was highly valued). Government in the Roman Empire went through many stages. 1. Republic- Government in which individuals elect leaders/representatives 2. Triumvirate- Form of government with three rulers 3. Absolute Ruler- Government where one single ruler holds all power Vocabulary Definition Patrician Upper class noble society in Rome (aristocracy) Plebian Senate Gladiator Coliseum 12 Tables Aqueducts Pax Romana Middle class workers in Rome (Merchants, craftsman, artisans, etc…) Group of Patricians who were elected to help debate issues and make the best governmental decisions for the community Professional fighter who fought to the death in the Coliseum games. Usually a slave or prisoner of war Architectural building that modeled an arena. Gladiatorial games of conduct were held here. First written law code of the Ancient Roman Republic. Governed the lives of all Romans rich & poor. Roman architectural structure made of many arches. Carried fresh water from the hills to the city. The Romans had advanced plumbing & public baths, which this supported. Period of peace in Rome. (Golden Age-207 years) Contributions of the Romans: 1. Law- The 12 Tables 2. Architecture – Use of the Dome and the Arch DOME ARCH 3. Cement- Made building and road paving much easier 4. Road Systems- Detailed and advance road system ALL throughout the empire. All roads led to Roman capital 5. Art- Realistic Art 6. Government- Republic JULIUS CAESAR: was a very important leader in the late 200’s bce in Rome. Some key details about him are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. United Rome after corrupt rule and began the first Triumvirate Was a popular and very skilled general Eventually became the first sole emperor of Rome Created Jobs and increased pay of Soldiers Re-instated the Senate OCTAVIAN: 1. Grand nephew of Julius Caesar 2. Regained power of Rome from corrupt Emperors and Senators who plotted to kill Julius Caesar 3. Formed the Second Triumvirate 4. Won out as most powerful member of Second Triumvirate and renamed himself “Augustus Caesar” which meant “Exulted One” CONSTANTINE: 1. Emperor of Rome who expanded the empire to its largest size 2. Is known for adopting and spreading the religion of Christianity to the Roman Empire. Causes for the Fall of Rome: Capital moved east from Rome to Byzantium Political office holders are corrupt Civil War and unrest develop within the Roman Empire Large gap develops between the rich and the poor classes Romans built great roads which ALL led to Roman capital. Made it easy to enter and attack Poverty takes over in the empire Threat of attack from Northern European tribes (Germanic Tribes)