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Transcript
How was Darwin’s Theory Shaped by other scientists? • Lamarck (1744-1829) • Darwin (1809-1882) Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution: Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics • An organism will change during life in order to adapt to its environment. • Those changes are passed on to its offspring. • Change is made by what the organisms want or need. • Body parts that are not used, gradually disappear. • “pre-determined plan” Lamarck Believed… • Giraffes stretched their necks to reach food. • Offspring and later generations inherited the long necks. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution: 1. Recognized that all living things changed over time, and have descended from other species. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution: 2. Laws of Use and Disuse: Organs / Structures used would remain strong and functional, while those not used would disappear. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution: 3. Inheritance of Desired Traits: – Traits acquired due to adaptations to the environment were passed on to offspring August Weismann • Cut off the tails of mice and allowed the mice to mate. • The offspring were born with tails. • DISPROVED Lamarck’s theory. Darwin •Considered the “father” of evolution. Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos island, an uninhabited environment, where he studied evolution (Darwin’s Finches) Darwin Believed • Organisms (even within species) are all different and those which happen to have variations that help them survive in their environments. Those that survive have more offspring. • Offspring are born with their parents’ helpful traits, and they reproduce, and that trait makes up more of the population. More on Darwin… • Individuals that are not well adapted, die off. • example: Some Giraffe’s had short necks, some had long necks. When lower food sources became scarce, giraffe’s with longer necks survived because they could get food. • Ex2; Elephants and trunk size/water Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Natural Selection: • Individuals with favorable traits are able to survive and reproduce. • Nature controls which traits are favorable. How They Agreed • Both thought life had changed gradually over time (and still changing) • Living things change to be better suited (Adapted) to their environments • All organisms are related • Life evolved from fewer simpler organisms to many, more complex ones Why we believe Darwin • Weisman’s experiment. • Other observations: people who exercise, run a lot, eat well and generally healthy and fit do not have children who are inherently healthy and fit, the children have to work at it. • Gene sets that are in a population determine the traits there are. Genes sets are determine by which individuals die and which survive.