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Examination of Physiology Class_____ Name_____________ Numbers_____ Scores_____ I .Choose the best answer for each of the following ( 1 point for each, total 40 points) 1.The most important mechanism to maintain the homeostasis is A.Negative feedback B.Positive feedback C.Nervous regulation D.Humoral regulation E.Autoregulation 2. Which of the following is not an example of cotransport? A.Movement of glucose and Na+ through the epithelial membrane in the intestinal epithelium B.Movement of Na+ and K+ through the action of the Na+ pump C.Movement of Na+ and glucose across the kidney tubules D.Movement of Na+ into a cell while Ca2+ moves out E.Exchange between Na+ and H+ ions 3. What would happen if the threshold potential were increased? A.Amplitude of AP will be higher than normal B.Propagation velocity of AP will be increased C.Sodium channels will be more activated D.Excitability of cells will be increased E.Excitability of cells will be decreased 4.Ca2+ triggers contraction by binding to A.Tropomyosin B.Actin C.Cross bridge D.Ttroponin E.Myosin 5. In resting muscle, tropomyosin A. Inhibits Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Prevents Ca2+ from binding to troponin C. Excites the binding of heavy meromyosion globular heads to actin subunits. D. Prevents the formation of cross-bridges E. Promots Ca2+ transport from plasma to sarcoplasmic reticulum 6. An increase of intracellular Na+ concentration would expected to A.Stimulate Ca2+ pump B. Stimulate Na+ pump C.Low excitability of the cell D.Increase intracellular level of amino acid E.Decrease intracellular Ca2+ concentration 7. The transmission at neuromuscular junction characterized by A.Two way directional propagation B. No time delay C. Affected uneasy by drugs and changes of environment D. One to one transport E. All above are false is 8. A hematocrit of 45% means that in the sample of blood analyzed A.45% of the hemoglobin is in the plasma B.45% of the total blood volume is made of blood plasma C.45% of the total blood volume is made of platelets and red and white blood cells D.45% of the hemoglobin is in the red blood cells E.45% of the formed elements in blood are red blood cells 9.When the radius of the resistance vesseles is increased, which one of the following is increased? A. Systolic blood pressure B. Diastolic blood pressure C.Viscosity of the blood D.Hematocrit E.Capillary blood now 10.Stroke volume is increased by A.Decrease in venous compliance B.Increase in afterload C.Increase in contractility D.Increase in heart rate E.Decrease in coronary blood now 11. When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs? A.Decreased heart rate B.Increased contractility C.Decreased total peripherad resistance D.Decreased cardiac output E.Increased phase 0 of the action potential 12.The membrane potential of a ventricular myocardium is closest to equilibrium potential of K+ during A.Phase 0 of the action potential B.Phase 2 of the action potential C.Phase 3 of the action potential D.Pphase 4 of the action potential E.The effective refractory period 13.If systolic pressure is 120 mmHg, diastolic pressure is 80mmHg, the mean blood pressure is A.100mmHg B.93.3mmHg C.95.3mmHg D.90mmHg E.80mmHg 14.If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in A.Cardiac output B.End-diastolic volume C.Heart rate D.Pulse pressure E.Stroke volume B.Residual volume + Vital capacity C.Residual volume + Expiratory volume + Tidal volume D.Residual volume + Inspiratory reserve volume E.Functional residual volume + Tidal volume 17.A lack of normal surfactant will result in A.Increased lung compliance B.Stabilization of alveolar volume C.Increased retractive force of the lungs D.Reduced alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference E.Increased partial pressure of O2 in blood 18.Hypoxemia (low partial pressure of PO2 in blood) produces hyperventilation by a direst effect on the A.Phrenic nerve B.J receptors C.Lung stretch receptors D.Medullary chemoreceptors E.Arotid and aortic body chemoreceptors 19.If an area of the lung is not ventilated because of bronchial obstruction, the pulmonary capillary blood serving that area will have a Po2 that is A.Equal to atmospheric PO2 B.Equal to mixed pulmonary venous PO2 C.Equal to normal systemic arterial Po2 D.Lower than mixed pulmonary venous PO2 E.Higher than the mixed pulmonary venous PO2 20.The most versatile and important digestive juice is A.Gastric juice B.Small intestinal juice C.Pancreatic juice D.Bile E.Saliva 15.Which of the following agents or changes has a negative inotropic effect on the heart? A.Increased heart rate B.Sympathetic stimulation C.Norepinephrine (NE) D.Acetylcholine(ACh) E.Cardiac glycosides 21.Which of the following factors inhibits the gastric emptying? A.Gastric tonic contraction B.The enterogastric reflex C.The distention of foods on gastric wall D.Acetylcholine E.Gastric peristalsis 16.Total lung capacity is the sum of A.Residual volume + Functional residual volume 22. When surrounding temperature is greater than the skin temperature the only means by which the body can loses heat is A.Radiation B.Conduction C.Convection D.Evaporation E.Brown fat tissue 23.Which one of the following is not the important factor that determines the rate of heat production ? A.BMR of all the cells B.Extra metabolism caused by muscle activity C.Extra metabolism caused by the effect of hormone D.Shivering thermogenesis and non-shivering thermogenesis E.Decreasing of the skin vascular tone 24.The force opposing glomerular filtration is A. Arterial blood pressure B. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure C. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure D. Blood pressure of afferent arteriole E. Blood pressure of efferent arteriole 25.Which of followings can increase glomerular filtratioon rate ? A. Arterial blood pressure increases from 80 mmHg to 180 mmHg B. Arterial blood pressure decreases from 80 mmHg to 60 mmHg C. Increased action of renal sympathetic nerve D. Intravenously infusing a large volume of normal saline ? E. Intravenously infusing hyperosmotic glucose solution ? 26. When reabsorption of water filtrated by glomerulus decrease 1%, how much the quantity of urine will increase ? A.1% B.10% C.50% D.70% E.100% 27. The location reabsorbing glucose is A.proximal tubule B. Henle’s loop C.distal convoluted tubule D. collecting duct E. proximal tubule and distal tubule 28. The location regulated by antidiuretic hormone is A. Proximal convoluted tuble B. Thick segment of descending limb C. Thick segment of ascending limb D. Thin segment of Henle’ loop E. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct (Test Paper B) 29. When sound wave is transmitted by tympanic membrane and ossicular chain to oval window, which of followings is correct A. Both amplitude and pressure intensity of sound wave increase B. Both amplitude and pressure intensity of sound wave decrease C. Amplitude of sound wave decreases and pressure intensity of sound wave increases D. Frequency of sound wave increases E Frequency of sound wave decreases 30.which of the following is related to after discharge? A.Divergence B.Convergence C.Chain circuit D.Recurrent circuit E.Synaptic sensitization 31.All of the following are true for neuromodulator, except A.Often synthesized by presynaptic cell B.Involved in rapid communication C.Co-released with neurotranmitter D.Amplifying or dampening the effectiveness of ongoing synaptic activity E.Change the presynaptic cell’s metabolism of a transmitter 32. Which of the following is not important in saltatory conduction of the action potential along the axon A.The myelin sheath surrounding the axon B. The node of ranvier C. Loading neurotransmitter in the synaptic vesicle D.Passive current flow along the length of the membrane E.Voltage-sensitive Na+ gates 33. Which one is not the feature of visceral pain ? A.The highly localized types of damage to the viscera cause severe pain B.Ischemia, chemical damage, and stretching of the ligaments cause severely pain C.Localization of visceral pain is frequently difficult D Often followed by the referred pain and referred hyperalgesia E.The signals are transmitted by A? fibers GABA (a gamma-aminobutyric acid) 34.Which one of following is wrong about tendon reflex A.It is caused by rapid stretch of the muscle B.An instantaneous, strong reflex contraction of the same muscle C.A dynamic stretch reflex D.Multiple synaptic pathway, continues for a prolonged period E.Transmitted to spinal cord from the IA sensory ending of the muscle spindle 35. The most importment output pathway from the motor cortex is A.The rubrospinal tract B.The reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts C.The corticospinal tract D.The pontocerebellar fibers E.The olivocerebellar fibers A.GH increases the breakdown of proteins B.Thyroid hormones decreases the synthesis of the protein in normal level C.In patients with hyperthyroidism, high level of T3/T4 always promote the catabolism D.Cortisol increases the breakdown of proteins in liver E.Cortisol inhibits the breakdown of proteins in muscle 39.Which one of the following is not the hormone that increases the glucose of blood? A.Cortisol B.Epinephrine C..Norepinephrine D.Growth hormone E.Somatostatin (SS) 40.Which one of the following is right? A.ACTH increases the release of CRH B.Wolf-Chaikoff effect is caused by the increase of T3/T4 C.Stimulation of parasympathetic nerve inhibits the release of T3/T4 D.Cortisol increases the release of ACTH E.Cortisol decreases the number of red blood cell II. Define the terms (2 points for each term,total 20 points) 1.Optimal length 2.Oxygen capacity 36. The specific neurotransmitter pathway from the substantia nigra to striatum is A.Dopamine B.Acetylcholine C.Gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) D.Noradrenaline E.Glutamate 3.Forced expiratory volume 37.The cause of the acromegaly is A.High concentration of growth hormone in adult B.Low concentration of growth hormone in adult C.Low concentration of growth hormone in childhood D.High concentration of thyroid hormones in adult E.High concentration of growth hormone in childhood 7.Filtration fraction 38.About the humoral regulation of protein metabolism, which is right? 10.Afferent collateral inhibition III.Answer the questions (10 points for each question,total 4.Effective refratory period 5.Basic electrical rhythm 6.Hypothalamic regulatory peptide 8.Dark adaptation 9.The specific dynamic action of protein ( food specific dynamic effect) 40 points ) 1.How many types of glucose transport across epithelial cell? Explain. 2.To describe the mechanism of production of an action potential in ventricular muscle cell. 3.Please subscribe the composition and function of gastric secretion 4. Please describe the affacts of arterial blood pressure and renal plasma flow to glumerular filtration rate . Answer Points for Examination of Physiology I .Choose the best answer for each of the following (I point for each total 40 points) 1.A 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.E 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.E 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.A 38.C 39.E 40.C II. Define the terms (2 points for each term,total 20 points) 1..optimal length 2. Oxygen Capacity 3.Forced expiratory volume 4.Systolic Pressure 5..Basic electrical rhythm 6.Hypothalamic regulatory peptide 7. Filtration fraction(FF) 8 Dark adaptation 9.Receptive relaxation 10.The specific dynamic action of protein(food specific dynamic effect) 1. optimal length :The length at which the fiber develops the greatest isometric active tension is termed the optimal length。 2. Oxygen Capacity: The maximum quantity of oxygen that will combine chemically with the hemoglobin in a unit volume of blood; 3. Forced expiratory volume: defines maximum air flow rate out of lung in initial 1 second interval 4.SystoIic Pressure:: The highest value of aortic blood pressure in systole. 1.The smooth muscle membrane automatically and slowly, depolarizes and repolarizes in a cyclic fashion, these electric activity is called the basic electric rhythm 2.The hormones which are secreted at nerve endings of peptidergic neurons in the median eminence and transported to anterior pituitary by hypothalamic hypophyseal portal vessels, acting on the glandular cells to control their secretion are called hypothalamic regulatory peptide. 3.During chewing and swallowing food, the stimulation of food to the receptors in mouth, pharynx, and esophagus reflexly causes the smooth muscle of the fundus and body of the stomach to relax, which is called the gastric receptive relaxation. This process allows the stomach to accommodate a large numbers of food and fluid. 4.After a meal that contains large quantities of protein, the metabolic rate usually begins rising within 1 hour. This effect of protein on the metabolic rate is called the specific dynamic action of protein(food specific dynamic effect) III-Answer the questions (10points for each question,total 40 points ) 1.How many types of glucose transport across epithelial cell? Explain. (1) Carrier mediated diffusion Diffusion carried out by carrier protein is termed carrier mediated diffusion. Substances: glucose, amino acid. (2) Secondary active transport : Co-transport (symport): It means the movements of actively transported substances into cell along with sodium through the membrane in the same direction. Examples are co-transport of glucose or amino acids that occur in the epithelial cells of the small intestine tract or renal tubules to aid in the absorption of these substances into the blood, which will be discussed in detailed in other chapters. 2. 3.Composition and function of gastric secretion 1) HCl ① Converts pepsinogen to pepsin for chemical digestion, provides optimal pH environment for pepsin ② Destroys some bacteria ③ Stimulates the small intestinal mucosa to release secretin and CCK ④ Promotes the absorption of Ca2+ and Fe in small intestine 2) Pepsinogen (precursor of pepsin): digestion of proteins 3) Mucus: forms a protective barrier for mucosal lining The insoluble mucus and bicarbonate construct a barrier protecting the stomach mucosa from injury by hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which prevent hydrogen ions from diffusing to the mucosal layer. The barrier is called mucus bicarbonate barrier. 4) Intrinsic factor (mucoprotein): combines with vitamin B12 to make it absorbable