Download Performance Enhancing Drugs

Learning Objectives:
1. To be able to name 6
performance enhancing drugs.
2. To be able to discuss the
advantages and negative side
effects of each drug.
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A hormone that controls red blood cell
production
Improves VO2 max (in a similar way to
altitude training) and therefore improves
performance during endurance events
Increased percentage of red blood cells
causes blood to become more viscous placing
strain on the heart and lead to heart failure.
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A hormone that increases protein use and muscle cell
production
Increases the synthesis of protein within cells,
particularly muscle cells, resulting in a build up of
muscle tissue. Reduce recovery time by inhibiting the
action of other hormones which breakdown muscles.
Increases strength and allows for longer and more
frequent training sessions.
Can lead to a number of side effects including liver
and kidney tumours, jaundice, fluid retention, high
blood pressure, increased cholesterol, greater danger
of blood clots, risk of tendon injuries and severve
acne. In females adverse effects include: menstrual
abnormalities, deepening of voice, baldness and body
hair. Young users risk permanently halting growth.
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Naturally occurring hormone that regulates
growth and also the turnover of muscle, bone,
and the regulation of fat metabolism
Increases muscle mass and aids the repair of
bones, ligaments and tendons leading to
enhanced performance in sprinting and other
explosive activities.
Side effects include minor to chronic joint pain,
joint swelling, fluid retention, high blood
pressure, abnormal bone and cartilage growth,
irregular heart rhythms, and increased risk of
diabetes.
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A drug that blocks the release of chemicals,
such as adrenaline, thereby causing the heart
rate to stay low and helping the performer
stay calm
Block the action of adrenaline and
noradrenaline. Cause arteries to widen, lower
blood pressure, reduce tension and have an
overall calming effect.
Side effects include cold hands and feet,
tiredness and sleep disturbance.
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A drug which increases urine production and
output
Increase urine output allowing an athlete to
compete at a lower weight class and can also
‘mask’ the appearance of other illegal drugs.
Adverse side effects include dehydration,
decreased ability to regulate body
temperature, potassium deficiency, heart
arrhythmias, muscle cramps and exhaustion.
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Drugs (including amphetamines and caffeine)
which increase the activity of the central and
sympathetic nervous system
Stimulate the nervous system leading to
increased mental alertness and decreased
fatigue.
Can cause nervousness and irritability,
making it hard to concentrate and causing
tiredness from lack of sleep. Can lead to
addiction.