Download bio 342 human physiology

Monday, 19 September
Chapter 11 The Endocrine System
Two 1QQs returned on Piano
Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study.
Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology
Pick up your photocopy from the Piano, read it before lab!
King DS, Sharp RL, Vukovich MD, Brown GA, Reifenrath TA, Uhl
NL, Parsons KA . Effect of oral androstenedione on serum
testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men:
a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 281(21):2020-8
Wednesday, 21 September
Chapter 6 The Nervous System
Read sections A and B
1QQ # 6 for 8:30
Write the number of the one question you choose to answer.
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
TSH stimulates
The thyroid gland to take up iodide
the synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin
The uptake of thyroglobulin from the colloid
Follicular cells of the thyroid gland to grow
The hypothalamus to secrete more TRH.
OR
In response to a drop in blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete less renin
Elevated levels of aldosterone stimulate thirst
Newly-formed angiotensin I causes vasoconstriction
Elevated levels of aldosterone promote Na+ retention by the kidneys
The liver produces more Angiotensin II.
1QQ # 6 for 9:30
Write the number of the one question you choose to answer.
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
TSH stimulates
The thyroid gland to take up iodide
the synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin
The uptake of thyroglobulin from the colloid
Its target cells to incorporate more Na+/K+ ATPase into their
membranes
The hypothalamus to secrete more TRH.
OR
In response to a drop in blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete less renin
Elevated levels of Angiotensinogen stimulates thirst
Newly-formed angiotensin I causes vasoconstriction
Elevated levels of aldosterone promote Na+ retention by the kidneys
The liver produces more Angiotensin II.
S3
Fig. 11.12a
Receives input
from many
regions of
brain; many factors
Affect its function
Homeostatsis center.
S4
Fig. 11.12b
Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
6
Vasopressin (= Antidiuretic hormone)
Oxytocin
Tropic hormones control the function
S6
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets
P P
P
P
A
P
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
P
P
S
P
P
P
A
Releasing Hormone
Release-inhibiting Hormone
P
S
Tropic hormones control the function
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets
Short-loop Neg. Feed.
Long-loop negative feedback
Releasing Hormone
Release Inhibiting Hormone
S7
Who
Cares?
S4
• Symptoms of
hypothyroidism
• Levels of TSH
and TH?
• Explain enlarged
thyroid gland
• Cause:
Inadequate
dietary intake of
iodine
• Treatment?
Endemic
Goiter
TRH
TSH
T3 & T4
Goiter
Elevates basal metabolic rate,
potentiates response to EPI
If hypothyroid during pregnancy…
cretinism = congenital hypothyroidism
Classification of
Endocrine disorders
• Hypersecretion
– Primary
– Secondary
• Hyposecretion
– Primary
– Secondary
hypothalamus
CRH
Anterior pituitary
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
S3
Who else
Cares?
Aunt Dot
S5
Grave’s Disease
⇩
⇩
TRH from Hypothal.
TSH from Ant. Pit.
T3 and T4 from
Thyroid gland
⇧sensitivity to EPI
(up-regulation of adrenergic receptors)
Blood test:
TSH levels low
TH levels high
The cause: Abnormal
Immunoglobulins in patient
activate TSH receptors on
Thyroid cells
⇧Metabolic rate
⇧Temperature
⇧Heart rate and ⇧Blood Pressure
⇧Lipolysis and fuel mobilization
Weight loss
S6
Grave’s Disease
Treatment:
Radioactive
Iodine
Mechanism:……..
S7
Vasopressin
Cytokines
from
immune cells
CRH from Hypothalamus
ACTH from Ant. Pit
S8
Physical trauma
Prolonged exposure to cold
Prolonged intense exercise
Infection
Sleep deprivation
Pain
Fright
Emotional distress
Basal levels of Cortisol
Required for normal sensitivity to EPI;
symptoms of excess cortisol are…..
Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation
(e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome!
⇧Cortisol
secretion from
Adrenal Cortex
Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissue
Suppress non-essential functions
(reproduction & growth)
Suppress inflammatory &
immune responses
Potentiates response to EPI (vascular
smooth muscle)
Cushing’s Syndrome
Excess Cortisol from
1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or
2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)