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Cells and Cell Structures “Cell” • Name means “small room” • Basic structural, functional and biological unit of all KNOWN living organisms • Smallest unit of life that can replicate independently Microscopes were used as early as the 1600s to look at things. • 1665 Hooke used a microscope to look at the bark of a Cork-bark oak • Saw this and named them ‘cells’ • Snowflake Spurred more interest… better technology • 1838: Schleiden concluded all plants are made of cells • 1839: Schwann stated all animals were made of cells • 1855: Virchow concluded new cells can only be produced from existing cells Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living things • New cells are produced from existing cells Cell Theory • What IS a theory? • Why is it “Cell Theory” and not “Cell Law”? • Do we know about “ALL living things”? Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Two (broad) categories of cells • NO membrane-bound organelles = Prokaryotes • HAS membrane-bound organelles = Eukaryote Scanning electron micrograph of human brain neuron www.scienceclarified.com Scanning electron micrograph of E. coli in human intestine www.listoid.com Prokaryotes • Smaller and ‘simpler’ • Bacteria are prokaryotes • MOST living things are prokaryotes Prokaryotes Prokaryotes • Smaller and ‘simpler’ • Bacteria are prokaryotes • MOST living things are prokaryotes • MOST of ‘you’ is prokaryotic • YOU are outnumbered 10:1 in/on YOU!!!! American Society for Microbiology, June 5, 2008 Scale between human cells and bacterial cell Eukaryotes • Larger, more ‘complex’ • Eukaryotes have a nucleus • MOST have other organelles • Protists to animal/plant cells Daphnia are NOT protists. They’re related to lobsters- Crustaceans Now… • Start on Obj 6