Download Biology 11 Name: Evolution/Natural Selection Practice Test General

Biology 11
Name:
Evolution/Natural Selection Practice Test
General Definitions:
1.
Define evolution. (1 mark)
2.
Distinguish between macro-evolution and micro-evolution. (2 marks)
Topics in Micro-evolution:
3. When organisms survive to reproduce they are said to be
a. adapted
b. symbiotic
c. virulent
d. mutants
4.
Which statement describes a part of Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a. variation is not essential for evolution
b. too few offspring are produced in a population
c. organisms with favourable adaptations tend to survive
d. mutations always lead to an increase in populations
5.
Charles Darwin believed that giraffes developed long necks because
a. they needed long necks to reach the leaves on the trees
b. the giraffes with longer necks were more likely to survive and reproduce
c. the giraffes stretched their necks to reach the trees
d. competition caused a mutation that resulted in longer necks
6.
According to Darwin, the effect of the environment in evolution is to:
a. prevent the occurrence of mutations
b. act as a selective force on variations in species
c. create new genetic combinations
d. provide stable conditions favourable to the survival of all species
7.
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
a. As the earth's climate became colder, woolly mammoths adapted by growing thicker coats
of fur
b. When the food supply grew scarce, giraffes developed longer necks to reach the higher
leaves on trees
c. Even though a scientists cut off the tails of mice, succeeding generations of mice were
born with tails
d. Penicillin was introduced into a bacteria culture. The most resistant bacteria survived and
produced offspring resistant to penicillin
8.
Through an example, describe the 4 aspects of natural selection theory. (Ex. Giraffes,
peppered moth etc) (4 marks)
9.
Variation in offspring is created by
a. mutation and sexual reproduction
b. mutation and asexual reproduction
c. mutation only
d. sexual and asexual reproduction
10. A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it
a. makes life more interesting
b. allows the species to survive if the environment changes
c. means that the gene pool is constant and unchanging
d. makes the species more interactive
11.
What is a gene pool?
a. a group of interbreeding organisms
b. all the variations (alleles) of the genes in a population
c. the genotype of an individual
d. the phenotype of an individual
12. a. Define and give 2 examples of biotic selective pressures. (3 marks)
b. Define and give 2 examples of abiotic selective pressures. (3 marks)
13. Define and give 1 example of (3 marks)
a) Structural adaptation
b) Physiological adaptation
c) Behavioural adaptation
14.
A good example of a physiological adaptation might be
a. production of chemicals in the venom of a snake
b. the observation that mammals all have the same basic limb design
c. the leaves of a Venus Flytrap being specially shaped to capture prey
d. the hibernation of bears in the winter to lower their energy costs
15. Describe and give an example of co-evolution. (3 marks)
16. Describe an example of sexual selection (peacocks, human pheromones etc.) that leads to
differences between males and females. (2 marks)
17.
Why did Darwin have a problem with peacocks?
a. he had never liked them…not since that horrible incident on the Galapagos
b. he thought that they were a more perfect example of natural selection than humans
c. he thought that natural selection should make all members of a species look the same
d. he thought that their long tails must have been produced only by mutation
18.
According to sexual selection theory, most females should use this strategy for reproduction
a. compete for males
b. be really choosy
c. be monogamous
d. use binary fission
19.
Why do you never really see male peacocks with tails as long as a school bus?
a. females don’t find that attractive
b. other males would beat them up
c. there is a cost to having a tail that long
d. other females would beat them up
20. One advantage of asexual reproduction is that
a. It increases the variation in the next generation
b. It increases the number of mutations that will occur
c. It is faster and energetically cheaper
d. you get to find a mate to exchange sex cells with
21.
When stabilizing selection occurs, a scientist will find that
a. the environment is changing rapidly
b. the organisms with an average phenotype have fewer offspring than everyone else
c. males have more offspring than females
d. extreme phenotypes are at a disadvantage
22. A colony of deer was threatened with overpopulation until a number of cheetahs were
imported. After a time, there were fewer deer, but the average running speed of the deer
population was increased. This is an illustration of:
a. Lamarkian evolution
b. directional selection
c. stabilizing selection
d. adaptive radiation
23. If evolution means change – explain how a trait in a population might be maintained (not
changed). (Hint: think about stabilizing selection - fiddler crab claw size in males or human brain
size). (4 marks)
24. Predator/prey strategies
a) describe and give an example of any 2 of the following predator hunting strategies:
(4 marks: 2 marks each)
*mimicry
*social hunting
*altruism
*decoy
*group hunting
*kin selection
b) describe and give an example of any 2 of the following prey defence strategies:
(4 marks: 2 marks each)
*flocks
*startle display
*warning coloration *mimicry
25. Describe the differences between intra-species and inter-species competition and possible
outcomes of each type (ex. survival of the fittest, competitive exclusion or zonation) (4 marks)
Type of competition
Description
Possible outcome
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition
26. Define genetic drift and describe how genetic drift can change the gene frequency in a
population. (2 marks)
27. Describe why the founder effect is an example of genetic drift. (2 marks)
Topics in Macroevolution:
28. The development of a new species is called
a) reproductive isolation
b) adaptation
c) divergence
d) speciation
29. A species is
a) a group
b) a group
c) a group
d) a group
of organisms that live together
of organisms from the same phylum
of organisms that can interbreed
of organisms that have the same characteristics
30. Use NOTEFORM to describe a hypothetical example of speciation through isolating
mechanisms. (Adaptive radiation) (4 marks)
31. Describe how any 2 of the following may be considered evidence for evolution: (2 marks)
*fossil record
*continental drift
*homologous structures
*vestigial structures
*embryology
*cellular comparisons
31. Describe a misconception surrounding the evidence for evolution.