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1
Scientific Conference
“Integrated Marine Research in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea”
E. Papathanassiou, N. Streftaris & L. Giannoudi
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The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh
Framework Programme [FP7/2007­ 2013] under grant agreement n° 287600 project PERSEUS
(Policy­ oriented marine Environmental Research for the Southern European Seas)
For the Conference Proceedings the best possible effort has being made for the quality of all
communications. The responsibility for the text and the illustrations of the submitted work lies upon
the authors.
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Scientific Conference
“Integrated Marine Research in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea”
…...........................................................................................................................................................................3
.............................................................................................................................................................5
...............................................................................................................................................................15
Dr. Luis Valdes Santurio
.............................................................................................................................................17
Dr. Ferdinato Boero
.............................................................................................................................................19
Dr Zdenka Saba Willis
.............................................................................................................................................21
Professor Anil Markandya
.............................................................................................................................................23
............................................................................................................................................................25
Trends of pH decrease
in the Mediterranean Sea through sustained observations in Strait of Gibraltar.....................................................27
Acidification of the North Aegean Sea from anthropogenic
carbon ...........................................................................................................................................................32
Circulation, ecosystem dynamics and climate sensitiveness
in the Central Mediterranean region .................................................................................................................37
Back to basics: Measuring IOPs in the Aegean
Sea to support chlorophyll­á retrieval from ocean colour .................................................................................41
Shelf­deep sea exchanges in the Black Sea
an integrated analysis .....................................................................................................................................46
Bacterioplankton variability in the Levantine basin (SE Mediterranean Sea), implications
on the related Marine Strategy Framework Directive descriptor
................................................................................51
Response of the Black Sea coastal phytoplankton variability during the
last decade to climate change and anthropogenic inputs
........................................................................................55
Phytoplankton dynamics in the hydrologically complex NE Aegean frontal area (NE Mediterranean) .....................60
The eutrophication status of the Western
Black Sea – a step towards GES assessment ..................................................................................................65
...........................................................................................................................................................71
The force of the Atlantic on the Mediterranean, not always a positive influence:
an inter­annual analysis on fish and jellyfish. ...................................................................................................73
Contrasting marine food web structures and time trends across the Mediterranean .............................................78
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Characterising spatial and temporal patterns of species biomass distributions
in landings from the Mediterrenan and Black Sea .............................................................................................82
Effects of deep
water formation processes in the population dynamics of the commercial deep­sea shrimp
Aristeus antennatus .....................................................................................................................................86
Seagrass distribution patterns and
ecological quality status for the evaluation of GEnS under MSFD: comparative case studies in the SES ........….90
NIS in PERSEUS hotspot areas: Testing trends in introduction as an indicator
of GES ..........................................................................................................................................................95
Anthropogenic impacts on deep
submarine canyons of the NW Mediterranean Sea .........................................................................................100
What’s the Lifespan of Plastic Bottles in the Marine Environment?.........................................105
Chemical pollution in the South
European Seas: methodological approaches and assessment elements ...........................................................108
Use of in­vitro
bioassays to characterize the environmental quality of sediments from the Adriatic and the Black Seas ..............112
Linking the microbial community processes to the contamination by priority organic substances:
in situ observations on coastal sediments of the Adriatic Sea (Italy) ..................................................................116
Accumulation
and trophic transfer of 116 POPs in plankton and small pelagic fish in the Western Mediterranean and
Adriatic Sea .................................................................................................................................................120
..........................................................................................................................................................125
Lagrangian Observing Systems in the Southern European Seas: Review, Gaps and Upgrade .............127
Glider monitoring under PERSEUS as a
contribution to ocean observing in the SES with implications for future integrated observing system
development.................................................................................................................................................131
properties of a cyclonic eddy in the channel of sardinia monitored by Glider and Satellites Observations .............136
AlborEx: a multi­platform interdisciplinary view of Meso and Submesoscale processes ........141
Observing the origin of Levantine Intermediate Water: A design
study for a hydrographic mooring ..................................................................................................................146
Methods to analyse Vessel Monitoring System data ........................................................................................151
Development of a Tool for the identification and assessment of Environmental Aspects in
Ports (TEAP) ..............................................................................................................................................155
Remote Sensing Algorithm to Identify Dominant Phytoplankton Groups
in the Mediterranean Sea: A Tool for MSFD at Basin Scale...............................................................................159
Towards
sustainability for Atlantic Bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean Sea: Perseus research findings ................................164
Response of the Black Sea’s
benthos ecological functions to an environmental gradient ...............................................................................168
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Preliminary model assessment of basic marine
ecosystem properties of the Northern Adriatic Sea. ..........................................................................................173
Scenarios of ecosystem health from End­to­End
models of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea ............................................................................................178
What are marine ecosystem services
worth? The V­MESSES database …..............................................................................................................183
Socioeconomic analysis of pressures of the coastal areas and open seas in the Mediterranean
and the Black Sea ….....................................................................................................................................187
Inventory and critical assessment of
marine policy in the Southern European Seas .................................................................................................191
Assessing the cost of marine degradation: A critical
reading of the MSFD Initial Assessment reports ..............................................................................................195
Stakeholder
Dialogue: Expectations and Feedback of the End Users of the Adaptive Marine Policy Toolbox ..........................199
Building regional cooperation between scientists and stakeholders in the
SES non­EU countries. .................................................................................................................................204
Policy guidance for adaptive marine and coastal policy making ...............................................208
Potential application of the AMP Toolbox for designing and implementing adaptive
policies in the Eastern Black Sea in the light of EU­Georgia Association Agreement ...........................................213
Linking targets and
cost­effective management measures for marine governance The MeTaLi model – MERMAID project ................217
….......................................................................................................................................221
ADREX campaigns with emphasis on the dense water evolution in the Adriatic pits during 2013­14:
physical and biogeochemical properties …......................................................................................................223
XBT monitoring of robust circulation features
along the Genova­Palermo route …................................................................................................................225
Response of pelagic ecosystem to deep convection in the northwestern Mediterranean
(LIONEX experiment – WP1 PERSEUS) …....................................................................................................227
The general circulation in the SE Levantine ..............................229
A deep ventilation of aerobic zone in the NE Black Sea due to vertical
turbulent mixing …........................................................................................................................................231
Wave climate changes in the Black sea in the last years .............................................233
Different C pathways associated with water
masses in the Adriatic Sea: should we consider the microbes for the MSFD? ....................................................235
The multidisciplinary ADREX survey in the Southern European Seas: the microbial biogeochemistry
in the Ionian­Adriatic coupled systems. …........................................................................................................237
Dissolved organic matter
as a key parameter to assess the good environmental status: results from the ADREX­2014 experiment .............239
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Anthropogenic carbon in the Southern Adriatic and Ionian Seas during
the Adrex experiment. ...................................................................................................................................241
Influence of Black Sea Water on the carbonate
system in the North Aegean Sea in fall ........................................................................................................ .243
Tracing dissolved organic matter sources in the Dardanelles outflow through
fluoresence spectroscopy ..…..….……..……..…..….….….….…..….….…..……..….…..……..…..……..……245
Marmara Experiment (MAREX) Results and Future Projections........247
Recent oscillations of freshwater and nutrient loads of N Adriatic rivers
and Danube .................................................................................................................................................249
Thermohaline and nutrient dynamics in the Levantine
surface and intermediate water masses, Southeastern Mediterranean Sea.......................................................251
Mechanism of horizontal and vertical exchange of nutrients driven by large­scale
circulation in the Black Sea ...................................................................................................................................253
Chemical Exchanges between the Marmara and Black Seas
through the Bosphorus and Impacts of the increased nutrient inputs on Marmara Two­Layer Chemistry...............255
Diagenetic processes affecting nutrient pore
water profiles near the wastewater treatment plant outfall of Athens, Saronikos Gulf, Greece ............................257
Interconnections
between the Danube River discharge, nutrients level and phytoplankton characteristics in the north­western
part of the Black Sea (Zmiinyi Island area) .....................................................................................................259
Assessment of
euthrophication level in the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea ...............................................................................261
Harmful and Toxic Marine Phytoplankton in coastal waters of the
Zmiinyi island in the North­Western part of the Black Sea (2012­2014) ..............................................................263
Assessing Biodiversity
in the Southern European Seas countries within the PERSEUS project ............................................................265
Analyses of eutrophication, invasive ctenophores, anchovy spawning areas in the Southern Black Sea ..............267
Small cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae invasion into the Black Sea as a factor of the changes in zooplankton
and ichthyoplankton in Crimean coastal waters................................................................................................269
Hydrobiota of the
Georgian Black Sea coastal zone …...............................................................................................................271
Progress in understanding scyphomedusae outbreaks in the Mediterranean Sea: distribution
and phenology ..............................................................................................................................................273
Effect of invasive ctenophores
Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata on microplankton communities of the Black Sea ..........................................275
Invasion of Halophila stipulacea in the
Mediterranean Sea: an introduced carbon reservoir ........................................................................................277
Habitat mapping with emphasis on sea grass meadows in the area
of Sidi Rais (Tunisia) .....................................................................................................................................279
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Ecological­Physiological Condition Indices of Mass Species Heterotrophic Components in the Black
Sea Pelagic Ecosystem …............................................................................................................................281
Ecological state of seagrass dominated habitats along the Bulgarian
Black Sea coast ..........................................................................................................................................283
The Black Sea Region –
a system of changing systems: Case study – Romanian shelf ...........................................................................285
Dynamics of size, age and sex structure of Rapana venosa Population near Anapa Bay­Bar,
the Black Sea ..............................................................................................................................................287
DNA barcodes of the
Levantine basin fish species.….......................................................................................................................289
Diet of Pelagic Fish in Zmiinyi Island Coastal Waters (Black Sea) ..........................................................291
Toxic Metals in Fish and Mollusks of the Zmiiniy
Island Coastal Waters (North­Western part of the Black Sea) in 2012­2014 ......................................................293
Assessment of the contamination status of the Romanian Black Sea ecosystem
during 2012 – 2014, within implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).........295
Benthic fluxes of dissolved heavy metals in polluted sediments
of the Adriatic Sea .......................................................................................................................................297
Export of pollutants from
a big Mediterranean city: modelling the dissolved and particulate transport of contaminants in the bay
of Marseilles …............................................................................................................................................299
Combination of field data and
modelling capabilities to support design of contaminants monitoring programs under the Marine Strategy
Framework Directive ...................................................................................................................................301
Sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals
in the open Aegean and NW Levantine Seas: Towards the assessment of MSFD D8 ........................................303
Spatio­temporal
patterns of organic pollutants and heavy metals in Adriatic sediments ...............................................................305
Floating litter in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: occurrence and distribution....................307
The Outline of Marine Litter Collected During
Demersal Fishing Surveys Organised in the Period 2011 – 2014 along the Romanian Black Sea Coast ..............309
Marine Litter Pilot Studies in Cilician Basin …...........................311
Acoustic presence of sperm whales
(Physeter macrocephalus) and delphinids in the Ionian and Aegean Seas, Greece............................................313
Drifter measurements during the Alborex experiment ..............................315
The Mediterranean components of
the Spanish Institute of Oceanography Observing System, IEOOS....................................................................317
An hydraulic winch to support deep CTD casts using small boats ...........319
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Recent Decline of the Black Sea Oxygen
Inventory ….................................................................................................................................................321
Modelling pelagic ecosystem health in the Western
Mediterranean. A PERSEUS contribution. ......................................................................................................323
Remote sensing and regional bio­optical models
for the Black sea ecosystem productivity assessment in line with MSFD ...........................................................325
Hindcast and future scenario of the Black Sea dynamics and
ecosystem changes ......................................................................................................................................327
Dynamics of the marine ecosystem on the
continental shelves of the Northwestern Mediterranean – (WP4 PERSEUS) ......................................................329
Upgrades and expansion of the existing observing
systems in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea .............................................................................................331
Interannual variability of the Black sea chlorophyll related with wind and
circulation patterns identified by the Self­Organization Map analysis .................................................................333
Improving the monitoring and simulations of the
Black Sea influence on the Aegean.................................................................................................................335
Establishment of a long term offshore sampling transect in the
Eastern ........................................................................................................................................................337
A new generation end­to­end model producing forecast products
to enhance marine GMES applications in the Black Sea
........................................................................................339
Micro­, nano­ and pico­phytoplankton distribution
in the Mediterranean Sea from ocean colour data ...........................................................................................341
Jellyfish monitoring in Cyprus with
the help of public ….....................................................................................................................................343
A website
platform for uploading data from a new systematic jellyfish monitoring system in the Balearic Islands:
a joint science­society approach. …................................................................................................................345
Oceanographic data
assembled for a large regional project (PERSEUS) .........................................................................................347
Towards coordinated marine monitoring for MSFD in Mediterranean and Black Sea..........................349
Marine environmental targets linked to regional management schemes based
on indicators developed for the Mediterranean Sea – The MERMAID Project ..................................................351
Assesment of the
environmental status of the coastal zone of the NE Black Sea: Application of the MSFD criteria .........................353
From
WFD to MSFD and from the Coast to the high seas: Study of the suitability and performance of status
indicators ….................................................................................................................................................355
Assessing the power of size spectrum analysis in estimating the pelagic ecosystem status of
Mediterranean areas over a wide range of combined pressures. ......................................................................357
The factors and opinions that impact the writing of an action plan for Maltese sharks..................................359
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A stepwise guide
for drafting adaptive marine policies ...............................................................................................................361
Identification and selection of tools and methods for
developing adaptive marine policies in the Mediterranean and Black Seas .......................................................363
Marine policies making for the Saronikos Gulf (Greece) a case
for adaptive policy making .............................................................................................................................365
Past, Present and Future of Turkey’s Marine Ecosystems in the
Light of Research, Policy and Societal needs ..................................................................................................367
Setting the scene for defining adaptive policies in
marine areas: application of a risk­based approach for multi­hazard assessment in the Adriatic sea….................369
Analysis of pressures of the coastal and
open seas in socio­economic terms in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas: Oil and Gas Transport ...............371
AMP Toobox´s resources to design and
implement adaptive policies through stakeholders engagement: Application to the case of the Marine tourism
in the Mediterranean Sea .............................................................................................................................373
Adaptive Marine Policy (AMP) Toolbox: Supporting policy­makers developing adaptive
policies to cope with Marine litter in the Mediterranean and Black Sea…............................................................375
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Scientific Conference
“Integrated Marine Research in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea”
It has been widely reported that although ports around the world are major centres for the
economic development of the areas where they are located, port and shipping activities also pose
negative externalities and impacts to their surrounding natural habitats (OECD, 2011; Dinwoodie et
al., 2012). It is, therefore, important for those with responsibilities concerning port environmental
management to be aware of the issues that are at stake with regards to the environment in European
ports (ESPO, 2012).
An effective port environmental management requires awareness and knowledge of its
environmental aspects in order to know what is required to be properly managed from the
environmental point of view (ESPO, 2011). According to ISO 14001 (2004), an environmental aspect
is an element of an organisation’s activities, products and services that can interact with the
environment. Examples of them are water discharges, emissions to air, or waste generation.
Each port has different environmental aspects depending on the activities that are carried out
within the port area. It is highly recommended that port authorities select, from those, the most
significant ones, called the Significant Environmental Aspects (SEA). Being aware of the SEA allows
a port to focus its time, efforts and resources on those issues with major potential for environmental
impact, providing the greatest assurance that the environment will be protected (Puig, 2012). In
addition, the establishment of a SEAs identification procedure is one of the requirements and essential
tasks for the development and implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS).
Although all the EMS standards provide some advice and criteria on this selection, they also recognise
that there is no single, standardised procedure for identifying environmental aspects since each port
is unique and each organisation has its own characteristics and distinctive features. Therefore, it may
be difficult for some ports to identify and select aspects in a credible and scientific way in line with
their activities. This was confirmed with a research conducted by PERSEUS on the Mediterranean
and Black Sea ports. For this reason, it raised the need for the development of a method that would
assist ports to perform this task in a more reliable manner.
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In order to develop the tool, six main tasks were carried out:
· Task 1: Identification of port activities
Since aspects are derived from activities, the initial step was to identify the range of possible activities
that are likely to be carried out in a port. A total amount of 35 port activities were identified.
· Task 2: Identification of port environmental aspects
A review of the existing environmental aspects in ports was also conducted. The information was
obtained from port web­sites, port environmental or annual reports, and EMS reports of port
authorities, marinas and terminal operators. A total amount of 55 aspects was initially compiled. Since
this number of aspects was perceived as being over­complex in terms of developing a user­friendly,
practicable and pragmatic tool, it was reduced to a final list of 17 aspects (divided in seven categories).
· Task 3: Creation of the relationships between activities and aspects
The next step was the definition of the interactions between the port activities identified in task 1 and
the port environmental aspects determined in task 2. For each activity, all the aspects that interact
with it were determined. In addition, a weighting was allocated to each aspect.
· Task 4: Definition of the criteria to assess the significance
In order to assess the significance of the aspects, a set of 8 criteria was established such as frequency
and duration of the aspect, stakeholders’ complaints, etc. They were obtained from an extensive
literature review (e.g. Easibind, 2012), including best examples of ports that provide their criteria,
and the EMS standards advice (EC, 2009; ISO, 2004), among others.
· Task 5: Establishment of the weighting of the criteria responses
For each criterion, several possible responses were established, with an associated weighting, based
on the significance of the impact generated on the environment.
· Task 6: Creation of the connections between aspects and criteria
Since not all the criteria are applicable to all the aspects, an assessment of which criteria have
influence on each aspect was carried out by creating a table of the interactions between them.
In order to obtain the results, 5 steps have to be carried out, as summarized in Figure 1:
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Anyone willing to use the tool has to enter to the website www.eports.cat. Initially, the respondent
has to enter the contact details. All this information is confidential and only the user of the tool will
have access to his/her results. Once the contact details have been introduced, the respondent has
to select the activities that are carried out in the port, out of the 35 possible activities. As mentioned
before, each activity is associated with several environmental aspects, and therefore, when an activity
is selected, the related environmental aspects are activated.
The tool sums the total number of points that have been activated for each aspect, derived from
the activities that have been selected, and ranks them accordingly in descending order. As a result,
an extensive list of the port’s aspects is generated. In order to find out the list of the main
environmental aspects that have the potential to be significant for the port, a threshold value has
been established within this methodology: the aspects with a score equal or higher than the 50% of
the maximum score are selected. This percentage is based on experts’ opinions and on other
methodologies identified in the literature review (e.g. Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia or Marina Port
Vell).
One weakness of the existing methods is that they do not include criteria for the assessment of
aspects, whereas this method does. The port environmental aspects obtained in the previous step
are reviewed and assessed against the criteria presented before. Each aspect is assessed only with
the criteria that apply to it, which is based on the nature of the aspect. Each criterion has generally
four or five possible response options, with different weights. An average value for each aspect is
achieved, based on the punctuations obtained in the criteria. These values will be used to assess
the significance of the aspect, ranking them in descending order, so that the aspects located in the
top positions are the ones with a higher significance. It is considered that the aspects with a
punctuation of three or more are the Significant Environmental Aspects. The respondent receives an
email with these results, together with a list of potential environmental indicators that can be applied
to monitor the identified SEAs.
Ports and harbours may be located in highly valuable and vulnerable natural areas, hosting
endangered habitat and species, and some of them being protected under EU / national / regional /
local nature conservation legislation. For this reason, a broad mix of measures has to be applied for
the effective management of potential environmental impacts which are directly linked with the
Significant Environmental Aspects.
In this paper, the importance of identifying SEAs as an integrated action of the environmental
management of a port has been demonstrated. However, the ports that use either one of the
established methodologies or its own method and make it publicly available are still a minority. For
this reason, a new methodology has been developed, available to all European ports. No matter the
size or the commercial profile of the port, since it is applicable to all types, providing specific results
for each one.
To develop the methodology, the wide range of environmental activities and aspects existing in
ports were identified through an extensive research and review. After identifying the ports’ activities
and applying a set of criteria, a final list of Significant Environmental Aspects is generated. It is
suggested that the tool could assist port managers in identifying the SEAs of their own port area in
a user­friendly, practicable and time­effective manner. The use of this methodology could be beneficial
not only for individual port authorities but also for the whole port sector.
The authors acknowledge with grateful thanks the funding from the PERSEUS (EC, 287600)
research project as well as the collaboration of the pilot ports and feedback from other EU ports.
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