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EUROPE SEA DIVERSITY
Europe is surrounded by three sea regions:
-The Mediterranean,
-Black Sea
-Baltic Sea
..and The North Atlantic Ocean which also includes the North Sea
Now I will talk about;
.the four sea's water properties of the species,
.climate
.and the value that we should give them .
Although we will proceed with encyclopedic knowledge and research, you can be sure that you won't
be bored. We're going on a short brain trip!
LET’S START!
-THE MEDITERRANEAN
Close your eyes and think of sunshine, white sands, warm waters. Travel from cork oak forests, to
snowy mountain peaks, to sandy turtle tracks on the shore. All of this, and much more, is the
Mediterranean.
-The Mediterranean sea is the largest enclosed sea in the world with 46,000 km of coastline
-It is an intercontinental sea situated between Europe to the north, Africa to the south, and Asia to
the east.
-It covers an area, including the Sea of Marmara but excluding the Black Sea, of about 970,000
square miles.
-The Mediterranean climate is
characterized by warm to hot, dry
summers and mild to cool, wet winters.
The Mediterranean region is also called
the "Garden of the world".
-The majority of the regions with
Mediterranean climates have relatively
mild winters and very warm summers.
-The climate effects the species , let's have a look !
The Mediterranean Sea has significant endemism . It is
rocky reefs, seagrass meadows, and upwelling areas are
particularly important habitats that support enormous
biodiversity. Seagrass meadows provide important
habitat, especially as breeding, feeding, and resting areas
for numerous marine species, particularly fish,
crustaceans, and marine turtles.
AND THEN , The Mediterranean Sea has very high salinity – 38ppt or more. It is almost closed from
the main ocean, and there is more evaporation than there is rain or extra freshwater added from
rivers.
This treasure trove contains
some of the most fertile,
beautiful, and therefore
most coveted land on the
planet. It is not only known
for this natural beauty, but
being blessed with a mild
and temperate climate, it is
also one of the world’s most
populated and developed
areas. However, it is also one
of the least protected
regions in the world.
.It’s natural bounty is not
infinite!
.Most of us are still unaware of
the growing threats.
.The Mediterranean is probably
the most polluted ocean in the
world.
The United Nations Environment Programme has estimated that 650,000,000 tons of sewage,
129,000 tons of mineral oil, 60,000 tons of mercury, 3,800 tons of lead and 36,000 tons of
phosphates are dumped into the Mediterranean each year.
Because it is so enclosed by land, the warm waters of the Mediterranean take more than 100 years
to clean and renew themselves, according to Greenpeace.
Due to the high rates of pollution, many marine species are at risk of extinction, among them the
Mediterranean Monk Seal, one of the world's most endangered marine mammals.
The United Nations Environment Programme
has estimated that 650,000,000 tons of
sewage, 129,000 tons of mineral oil, 60,000
tons of mercury, 3,800 tons of lead and 36,000
tons of phosphates are dumped into the
Mediterranean each year.
It only adds up to 1% of the world’s oceans,
but the Mediterranean sea is one of the most
international waters on our planet. Nineteen nations border it, more than 10,000 species live in it
and millions of people get food, work and pleasure from it. It is the feeding and breeding ground
for many endangered species. Protecting this 1% could make a world of difference.
We must do something as fast as we can !
THE BLACK SEA
Black sea, blue river, green mountains…
The Black Sea is a sea between Southeastern Europe and Western Asia. It is bounded by Europe,
Anatolia and the Caucasus, and drains through the Mediterranean into the Atlantic Ocean, via the
Aegean Sea and various straits. The Bosphorus
Strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the
Strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the
Aegean Sea region of the Mediterranean.
BLack Sea is the world's largest land-locked and anoxic sea.
This includes not just the sea itself, but the Danube River Delta, Caucasus and Carpathian
Mountains as well. The region's waters, coastlines, flooplains and mountains are home to an
incredibly diverse range of wildlife and habitats.
In the Black Sea, one still finds bottlenose dolphins and about 180 species of fish, including tuna,
anchovy, herring, mackerel and the famous white sturgeon. Monk seals, sadly, have become
extinct here.
Rivers dilute Black Sea water - its surface layer salinity
is 17‰ (gram salt in 1 liter of seawater), two times less
than that of the Ocean (average 35‰).
The reduced salinity is the most important
environmental factor influencing marine biodiversity in
the Black Sea:most marine animals and plants can't
survive there. Two to five times fewer species in various
taxa of benthic animals
BALTIC SEA
The Baltic is the youngest sea on our planet
Governed by special hydrographical and climatic conditions, the Baltic Sea is one of the planet’s
largest bodies of brackish water.
It is composed of salt water from the North East Atlantic and fresh water from rivers and streams
draining from an area four times larger than the Sea itself. This highly sensitive and interdependent
marine ecosystem gives rise to unique flora and fauna.
Those same special qualities also make the Baltic Sea vulnerable. Over the past 100 years, the
naturel environment of the Baltic Sea has degraded quite dramatically.
SOLUTON :Smart fishing for
the Baltic and it’s market
The Baltic Sea is very unique because of its connection to the North
Seas, strong currents, river estuaries and unique topography along
the sea floor.
The Baltic Sea
is surrounded by
nine countries
that are home to
more than 85
million people
and diverse
political, social
and economic
realities. Many
of these people
rely on a healthy
Baltic Sea for
their food and
incomes, and many more treasure it as an important space for nature
and leisure activities. Our own futures and the future of the Baltic Sea
are inextricably linked.
"The sea, the great unifier, is man's only hope.
Now, as never before, the old phrase has a literal meaning:
we are all in the same boat."
— Jacques Yves Cousteau, Oceanographer
REFERENCES :
http://wwf.panda.org/
www.seasky.org
www.greenpeace.org
http://www.wikipedia.org/
www.dzkk.tsk.tr/