Representation of tundra vegetation by pollen in lake
... past glacial intervals, tundra was extensive not only in the Arctic, but also in lower latitude areas of North America and Eurasia that are currently forested (e.g. Jackson et al., 2000; Prentice & Jolly, 2000). Knowledge of the nature of the vegetation during those times is relevant to a variety of ...
... past glacial intervals, tundra was extensive not only in the Arctic, but also in lower latitude areas of North America and Eurasia that are currently forested (e.g. Jackson et al., 2000; Prentice & Jolly, 2000). Knowledge of the nature of the vegetation during those times is relevant to a variety of ...
Location and Areal Extent of Polynyas in the Bering and Chukchi Seas
... polynyas have been identified that tend to be negatively correlated: 1) persistent polynyas, whichare present much of the time and form off southcharacvalues and west-facing coasts, and 2) north coast polynyas, which are only occasionally open and form off north-facing coasts. Median extent for the ...
... polynyas have been identified that tend to be negatively correlated: 1) persistent polynyas, whichare present much of the time and form off southcharacvalues and west-facing coasts, and 2) north coast polynyas, which are only occasionally open and form off north-facing coasts. Median extent for the ...
IMPLICATIONS OF THE LAW OF THE SEA FOR AFRICAN
... emphasized that the basis of international law should be what states actually did by their own will rather than what the Romans and the Greeks situated on reasoning. This idea thus became traceable to Zouche and later Bynkershock and Martins who were regarded as the 19th century positivists. It is t ...
... emphasized that the basis of international law should be what states actually did by their own will rather than what the Romans and the Greeks situated on reasoning. This idea thus became traceable to Zouche and later Bynkershock and Martins who were regarded as the 19th century positivists. It is t ...
The protection and management of the Sargasso Sea: The golden
... the surface coral reefs of Bermuda to abyssal plains at 4500 m. The Sargasso Sea’s importance derives from the interdependent mix of its physical structure and properties, its ecosystems, its role in global scale ocean and earth system processes, its socio-economic and cultural values, and its role ...
... the surface coral reefs of Bermuda to abyssal plains at 4500 m. The Sargasso Sea’s importance derives from the interdependent mix of its physical structure and properties, its ecosystems, its role in global scale ocean and earth system processes, its socio-economic and cultural values, and its role ...
Integrated Ocean Management Plan for the Beaufort Sea: 2009
... In practical terms, the approach taken was to first describe a large coastal and marine area as the management area of interest. In the Western Arctic, this area is known as the Beaufort Sea Large Ocean Management Area or LOMA. The next step involved developing a regional governanc ...
... In practical terms, the approach taken was to first describe a large coastal and marine area as the management area of interest. In the Western Arctic, this area is known as the Beaufort Sea Large Ocean Management Area or LOMA. The next step involved developing a regional governanc ...
The Arctic Tundra Biome
... The word "tundra" usually refers only to the areas where the subsoil is permanently frozen soil. Permafrost tundra includes vast areas of northern Russia and Canada. The polar tundra is home to several peoples who are mostly nomadic reindeer herders, such as the Nganasan and Nenets in the permafrost ...
... The word "tundra" usually refers only to the areas where the subsoil is permanently frozen soil. Permafrost tundra includes vast areas of northern Russia and Canada. The polar tundra is home to several peoples who are mostly nomadic reindeer herders, such as the Nganasan and Nenets in the permafrost ...
Follow the balloons Trolling for plastic debris Painstaking plastic picking
... problem of plastics in the ocean when he crossed the North Pacific Gyre in his catamaran Alguita on the way back home to California from Hawaii. He found surprisingly large amounts of plastic debris (sometimes hyped in the media as a an island of floating plastic as large as Texas that you can walk ...
... problem of plastics in the ocean when he crossed the North Pacific Gyre in his catamaran Alguita on the way back home to California from Hawaii. He found surprisingly large amounts of plastic debris (sometimes hyped in the media as a an island of floating plastic as large as Texas that you can walk ...
Late Precambrian Stratigraphy and Structure of the North
... Timanian, separated from each other by an older craton. The narrow orogenic belt of the Timanian Baikalides is oriented roughly transversely to the Scandinavian Caledonides in the west and to the Uralides in the east. In their relatively simple and short history the Timanides contrast with these maj ...
... Timanian, separated from each other by an older craton. The narrow orogenic belt of the Timanian Baikalides is oriented roughly transversely to the Scandinavian Caledonides in the west and to the Uralides in the east. In their relatively simple and short history the Timanides contrast with these maj ...
October 10, 2002 Admiral James D. Watkins, USN (Retired) Chairman
... and educational materials for use by resource managers, decision-makers, educators, and the public. Background: There are currently a host of federal departments and agencies that conduct and/or support scientific research and education programs dealing with coastal and marine resources and their us ...
... and educational materials for use by resource managers, decision-makers, educators, and the public. Background: There are currently a host of federal departments and agencies that conduct and/or support scientific research and education programs dealing with coastal and marine resources and their us ...
Internal waves generated in the Straits of Gibraltar and
... A large number of spaceborne SAR images of the Strait of Messina became available after the launch of the First European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 in 1991 and the Second European Remote Sensing satellite ERS-2 in 1994 (Alpers et al. 1996). A typical ERS-1 SAR image showing internal wave packets ...
... A large number of spaceborne SAR images of the Strait of Messina became available after the launch of the First European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 in 1991 and the Second European Remote Sensing satellite ERS-2 in 1994 (Alpers et al. 1996). A typical ERS-1 SAR image showing internal wave packets ...
Sargasso Sea Alliance
... weed drifts through the Caribbean, into the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern seaboard of the United States of America in the Gulf Stream. Some is swept away into more northern waters, but significant amounts are trapped in the Sargasso Sea by eddies of water that break away from the southern edge o ...
... weed drifts through the Caribbean, into the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern seaboard of the United States of America in the Gulf Stream. Some is swept away into more northern waters, but significant amounts are trapped in the Sargasso Sea by eddies of water that break away from the southern edge o ...
Convention on Biological Diversity
... weed drifts through the Caribbean, into the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern seaboard of the United States of America in the Gulf Stream. Some is swept away into more northern waters, but significant amounts are trapped in the Sargasso Sea by eddies of water that break away from the southern edge o ...
... weed drifts through the Caribbean, into the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern seaboard of the United States of America in the Gulf Stream. Some is swept away into more northern waters, but significant amounts are trapped in the Sargasso Sea by eddies of water that break away from the southern edge o ...
Basin-wide seasonal evolution of the Indian Ocean`s
... between regions. Indeed, phytoplankton blooms over the Indian Ocean have different timings: for example, the SWM stripe in Figure 2 captures the growing phase of the bloom over stations B, E, and F, the peak of the bloom over C and E, and the decay of the bloom over A. A second approach commonly use ...
... between regions. Indeed, phytoplankton blooms over the Indian Ocean have different timings: for example, the SWM stripe in Figure 2 captures the growing phase of the bloom over stations B, E, and F, the peak of the bloom over C and E, and the decay of the bloom over A. A second approach commonly use ...
The biogeochemistry of the river and shelf ecosystem of the Arctic
... The Arctic Ocean is, on a volume basis, the ocean with the highest terrestrial input in terms of freshwater and organic matter. The drainage areas of the Arctic contain more than half of the organic carbon stored globally in soils and are extremely sensitive to climate change. These changes may cons ...
... The Arctic Ocean is, on a volume basis, the ocean with the highest terrestrial input in terms of freshwater and organic matter. The drainage areas of the Arctic contain more than half of the organic carbon stored globally in soils and are extremely sensitive to climate change. These changes may cons ...
Arctic sea surface height variability and change from satellite radar
... lead/open ocean bias varies seasonally and is larger by 1–4 cm between June and November for both missions. We hypothesize that this is caused by the presence of melt ponds and the exposure of bare ice between June and August and the formation of thin new ice between September and November. All of ...
... lead/open ocean bias varies seasonally and is larger by 1–4 cm between June and November for both missions. We hypothesize that this is caused by the presence of melt ponds and the exposure of bare ice between June and August and the formation of thin new ice between September and November. All of ...
West Siberian Plain as a late glacial desert
... taking place during that time (Vdovin, 1970). Since mid-Cretaceous to the middle of the Cenozoic, the plate experienced intensive subsidence, and marine environments prevailed all over the region. A vast Turtass lake-sea existed in the region up to the end of Oligocene, and outflowed to the south thr ...
... taking place during that time (Vdovin, 1970). Since mid-Cretaceous to the middle of the Cenozoic, the plate experienced intensive subsidence, and marine environments prevailed all over the region. A vast Turtass lake-sea existed in the region up to the end of Oligocene, and outflowed to the south thr ...
WORD - ozeanklima.de
... System, Vol.6, 1995, PP. 241-267 (243). The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (3-14 June 1992) (UNCED) with the: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; and: Agenda 21; Document: UN/A/Conf.151/26 (Vol.I-III). ...
... System, Vol.6, 1995, PP. 241-267 (243). The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (3-14 June 1992) (UNCED) with the: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; and: Agenda 21; Document: UN/A/Conf.151/26 (Vol.I-III). ...
Irina Y. Bragina Geographical and biological characteristics of the
... Juday net by total catch from 100 m up to the surface. The comparative zooplankton species analysis included 88 forms from 5 subareas and one transect that covered different geographical conditions. Defined: (1) species determination, biomass dynamics, distribution and possible driving environmental ...
... Juday net by total catch from 100 m up to the surface. The comparative zooplankton species analysis included 88 forms from 5 subareas and one transect that covered different geographical conditions. Defined: (1) species determination, biomass dynamics, distribution and possible driving environmental ...
Redefining the Territorial Sea in the Clean Water Act
... Abstract: In 1988, President Ronald Reagan extended the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States from three nautical miles to twelve. By Presidential Proclamation the United States asserted sovereignty and jurisdiction over the territorial sea extending from the baseline seaward a distanc ...
... Abstract: In 1988, President Ronald Reagan extended the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States from three nautical miles to twelve. By Presidential Proclamation the United States asserted sovereignty and jurisdiction over the territorial sea extending from the baseline seaward a distanc ...
the management of fisheries and oceans in canada`s western arctic
... economy. Fish are also harvested by northerners for both local and distant markets. Although eclipsed by the much larger fisheries on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, Canada’s northern commercial fisheries generate economic activity where there are few other opportunities. Two important characterist ...
... economy. Fish are also harvested by northerners for both local and distant markets. Although eclipsed by the much larger fisheries on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, Canada’s northern commercial fisheries generate economic activity where there are few other opportunities. Two important characterist ...
On the origin of endemic species in the Red Sea
... Aim The geological and palaeo-climatic forces that produced the unique biodiversity in the Red Sea are a subject of vigorous debate. Here, we review evidence for and against the hypotheses that: (1) Red Sea fauna was extirpated during glacial cycles of the Pleistocene and (2) coral reef fauna found ...
... Aim The geological and palaeo-climatic forces that produced the unique biodiversity in the Red Sea are a subject of vigorous debate. Here, we review evidence for and against the hypotheses that: (1) Red Sea fauna was extirpated during glacial cycles of the Pleistocene and (2) coral reef fauna found ...
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus
... The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phyto ...
... The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phyto ...
Analysis of Insect Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere by the
... The cluster analysis of Jacquard–Naumov pairwise similarity coefficient with the same classification program revealed 15 types, more or less matching zoogeographic provinces and subprovinces (Fig. 6). The areal distribution of the corresponding fauna supertypes, types, and subtypes is shown in Figs. ...
... The cluster analysis of Jacquard–Naumov pairwise similarity coefficient with the same classification program revealed 15 types, more or less matching zoogeographic provinces and subprovinces (Fig. 6). The areal distribution of the corresponding fauna supertypes, types, and subtypes is shown in Figs. ...
Remote sensing observations of ocean physical and biological
... with iron, one south of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) and one north of the PF but south of the Subantarctic Front (SAF). Satellite-observable phytoplankton blooms developed in both patches. The spring sea ice retreat near the south patch site was delayed in the 2001–2002 season, in turn delaying th ...
... with iron, one south of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) and one north of the PF but south of the Subantarctic Front (SAF). Satellite-observable phytoplankton blooms developed in both patches. The spring sea ice retreat near the south patch site was delayed in the 2001–2002 season, in turn delaying th ...
Northeast Passage
The Northeast Passage (abbreviated as NEP) is an Arctic ocean shipping route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, traversing the Arctic following Russia's and Norway's coasts.The NEP traverses (from West to East) the Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, and Chukchi Sea, and it includes the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The Northern Sea Route is a portion of the NEP; it is defined in Russian law and does not include the Barents sea and therefore does not reach the Atlantic ocean. However, given the fact that the NSR has a significant overlap over the majority of the NEP, sometimes the NSR term has been used to refer to the entirety of the Northeast Passage.The Northeast Passage is one of several Arctic maritime routes, the others being the Northwest Passage (going along Canada's and Alaska's coasts) and the Transpolar Route (going through the North Pole).The Portuguese navigator David Melgueiro - according to some sources - would have made the first Northeast Passage complete crossing, from east to west, in 1660. The first confirmed complete passage, from west to east, was made by the Finnish-Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, in 1878.