Download The Rise of Rome notes 2

The Rise of Rome Notes
Name _____________________
Section I – Rome’s Beginnings – Concept Web
Draw lines between terms that connect and explain the connection between those terms on the lines you use to
connect them. Multiple terms may connect to one another.
Sicily
Latium
The Apennines are aApennines
mountain range that
Sicily is an
runs the length of
island off the
This area was a
Italy on the eastern
coast of the
plains which
side.
Italian
peninsula.
Rome was
Made Rome a
Geographical
built on
desirable
Feature
the plain
place to live
allowed Romans to
grow more than
Founder of
the Greeks grew.
Rome
of Latium.
Rome is
located on
the Tiber
River.
As the legend
This provided a water
goes, Remus and
source as well as a source
of transportation and
trade.
Tiber
Romulus were
twins who fought
Remus and over the city.
Romulus Romulus killed
Since Rome
was a
republic, the
Remus and thus
Etruscans are
Rome was names
from Etruria
after him.
which was
north of Rome.
Etruria was a country
citizens made
the decisions
The military
Republic concerning
which was
Rome. This
divided into
gave the
legions made
people a voice
Rome a safe
in their
place to live.
government.
Etruscans
Legions
in northern Italy. The
people there were
called the Etruscans.
The Etruscans
influenced Rome in
many different was y –
Military
making it a better
place to live.
Etruria
Rome’s Beginnings

The mountain range that runs through the northern region of Italy is the Alps
Mountains.

The mountains in Rome are less rugged than those in Greece.

The site chosen for Rome was about 15 miles up the Tiber River from the Mediterranean
Sea.

Why was this location advantageous? (3 reasons) protections, fresh water, and Latium.

There are two different legends or myths about how Rome began.
o Twin brothers (Romulus and Remus) founded the city.
o As babies, they were abandoned and raised by she-wolf.

The Romans were influenced by the Greeks and the Etruscans. Greece and Etruria are
geographically located near Rome.
o What was the most important influence from these countries? army

The Etruscans staged gladiator fights. What does this tell us about Etruscan society?
It was a society with slaves.

Rome began as a monarchy but changed to a republic, a form of government which the
people choose their leader.
The Roman Republic
509
Roman
B.C.E.
Republic
begins.
494
Plebeians
B.C.E.
refused to
fight.
451
Romans
B.C.E.
write
down laws.
367
One
B.C.E.
consul
287
Plebeians
B.C.E.
pass laws
must be
for
plebeian.
everyone.
Rome’s Government
Complete the Venn diagram comparing and contrasting patricians and plebeians. You should have
a least seven similarities and seven differences. Consider not only economic differences but
roles in government as well.






Wealthy
landowners
Rome’s ruling
class
Headed the army
and ran the gov’t
Controlled the
Assembly of
Centuries
7% of population
Consuls, Senate,
and Assembly of
Centuries
Patricians
Patricians






Roman citizens
Had the right to vote
Responsibility to pay taxes
Served in the army
Marriage between the 2 classes
wasn’t allowed at first
300s B.C. – intermarriage was
allowed




Most of Rome’s
people (93%)
Less social
status
Couldn’t hold a
public office at
first
Council of Plebs
Plebeians
Plebeians

Early Romans were divided into two classes: patricians and plebeians.

The wealthy landowners of ancient Rome were the patricians.

Plebeians were the majority people with the least amount of power.

Who would mostly likely say the following quote: “I fight Rome’s wars, but I can’t vote.”?
plebeians

Why were the plebeians unhappy when the Republic was first set up? _They had no say
in making the laws.
Roman Law
In the circles surrounded the picture of The Twelve Tables, write out different characteristics
of Roman Law.
Accused
Innocent till
can
proven
defend
guilty
himself
before
the judge.
“Rule of Law”
A judge had to
- Law applies
to everyone
equally
look at the





The basis for all future Roman laws.
The Twelve Tables applied only to Roman
citizens.
Rome’s first code of laws
They established the principle that all free
citizens had the right to be treated equally by
evidence
carefully
before making
a decision.
The Twelve Tables were the foundation of Roman law, detailing all the laws regarding
walls, courts, and property.
o The Plebeians followed more laws than before when the Twelve Tables were
created.
o This finally made the Plebeians equal citizens.
What changed as a result of the
action shown in the image to the
left?
Patricians had less power.

What was the final change that made plebeians equal citizens? Twelve Tables

Why was this so important? The laws were written down for the first time.
Rome Expands
Complete the chart below describing The Punic Wars
War
1st Punic
War
Who was
involved?
Carthage
Rome
Sicily
Where did it
take place?
Sicily
Why was there
conflict?
Rome wanted to
control the island
of Sicily.
Carthage was
already there.
Rome wanted to
stop Carthage
from expanding
and to help Spain.
2nd Punic
War
Carthage
Rome
Spain
Spain
3rd Punic
War
Carthage
Rome
Carthage

What was the
strategy?
Rome built a
navy to
defeat
Carthage
which took
about 20
years.
Hannibal took
the fighting
into Italy
itself.
What was the
outcome?
Rome won.
Carthage had
to leave and
pay a huge
fine to the
Romans.
Carthage
gave up Spain
to Rome, its
navy, and had
to pay a huge
fine to Rome.
Rome
destroyed
Carthage.
Carthage was no
Rome burned
longer a military
Carthage and
power but it was
enslaved its
a trading center.
people.
Who was the military leader of Carthage that attacked the Roman territory by crossing
the Alps? Hannibal

The picture above is of Rome and Carthage during the second period of Rome expansion.
What do you notice about the picture above? Most battles were fought at sea.

Why did some in Rome want to totally destroy Carthage during the 3rd Punic War? Rome
feared they would gain power again and become the Mediterranean power.

Looking at the map, Rome added these lands to its territory as a result of Punic Wars.
The Fall of the Republic

How did Rome’s expansion affect the plebeians? More plebeians had to serve in the
army.

To win the votes of the poor, Roman politicians began providing cheap food and
entertainment. This policy of “bread and circuses” which helped many dishonest rulers
come to power also ensured that the poor wouldn’t rebel.

The people who killed Julius Caesar wanted to give power back to the Senate, but their
actions had an unexpected effect. What was the effect? The beginning of a civil war

What were the causes of the end of the Roman Republic? Spread slavery in the
agricultural system, civil wars, leadership issues
Julius Caesar
After learning about Julius Caesar through class discussion and readings, complete the T-chart
below identifying Caesar’s strengths and weaknesses as a leader of Rome.








Treated many of his
defeated enemies generously
(applied to gov't positions)
Won support of his soldiers
through his military
leadership and strategy
Ended rule of corrupt and
Roman nobles
Brought order and peace to
Rome
Restored cities that had
been destroyed by republic
Strengthened and expanded
the state of Rome
Started public job programs
to aid the poor
Granted Roma citizenship to
people from foreign
countries or states








Became an enemy when he refused
to follow the Senate’s order to
return to Rome
Started a civil war that led to the
destruction of the republic
Increased the number of senators
to add to his number of supporters
Treated his defeated enemies
cruelly
Punished those who wanted to
uphold the traditions and laws of
the republic
Weakened the senate to gain
absolute power over Rome
Kept hidden any facts that did not
make him look brave and intelligent
Sought glory for himself at the
expense of the republic
Do you think Caesar was a good leader? Explain your position in a short paragraph using specific
examples from history. (at least 5 sentences long)
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Trouble in the Republic
Following are various problems face by the Roman Republic. These are listed in random order.
Group the problems together in categories, give your categories a title, and then explain why
you grouped the problems as you did. You should create at least three different categories.
1.
Rich landowners held most of the power.
6. Politicians began providing cheap food
and entertainment to the poor (“bread
2. Soldiers became paid professionals instead of
volunteers.
and circuses”)
7. Civil wars broke out.
3. Latifundia were formed.
4. Small farmers sold their land and moved to cities.
8. Rome fought in various wars for many
years.
5. Slaves were used for most of the labor.
9. Politicians fought among themselves
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The Early Empire

A long era of peace began with Augustus and
lasted until A.D. 180. This period of Roman
peace was called Pax Romana.

Why was the road system important in ancient
Rome? It connected many of the cities of the Roman
Empire and allowed for better travel and trade.
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Rome Becomes an Empire
Create a timeline to show the major events that led to Rome becoming an empire. The first and
last events are completed for you. You should add at least three more events. It is okay if you
don’t have a date to connect to the event, but your events should be in the correct
sequence/order.
44 BC
27 BC
Octavian
Caesar is
takes the
stabbed
title of
to death.
Augustus.
The Emperor Augustus – List the major achievements of The Emperor Augustus in the circles
surrounding his picture.
Built a permanent,
professional army of
about 150,000 men
Proconsuls appointed
for each of the
provinces.
(all Roman citizens)
Rebuilt Rome with
Praetorian
Guard
stately palaces,
fountains, and splendid
public buildings
What do you think was Augustus’ greatest achievement and why? (Three sentences minimum.)
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Unity and Prosperity
What factors do you think were most important in creating unity and prosperity after the
death of Nero? Complete the chart below ranking the following factors in order of importance,
and then explain why you ranked them as you did.
 Vespasian restores peace and order by putting down rebellions in the Empire.
 Agriculture flourished, trade increased, and the standard of living rose.
 Roman laws were simplified making them easier to understand.
 Programs were created to help and educate the poor.
 Infrastructure such as arches, monuments, bridges, roads, harbors, and aqueducts were
built.
 The size of the Empire is limited and walls are built to protect it from invasion.
 A common currency (system of money) was developed.
Ranking Factor
Explanation for ranking.