Download Study Guide - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us

WLHS / AP Bio / Monson
Name
STUDY GUIDE: Unit 2 - Biochemistry (Ch 5 & 8)
UNIT 2 VOCABULARY:
Macromolecules, Ch 5
Metabolism & Enzymes, Ch 8:
monomer / polymer
dehydration synthesis
(condensation)
polypeptides
amino acids
metabolism
catabolic vs. anabolic pathway
hydrolysis
carbohydrates
mono-/ di- /polysaccharides
glycosidic linkages
peptide bonds
4 levels of protein structure
alpha helix
beta pleated sheet
kinetic energy / potential energy
endergonic / exergonic reactions
activation energy
catalyst / enzyme
starch / glycogen / cellulose / chitin
lipids
fats / glycerol / fatty acids
ester linkages
denaturation
nucleic acids
DNA / RNA
nucleotides
substrate / active site
induced fit
cofactors / coenzymes
competitive inhibition
saturated vs. unsaturated
phospholipids
steroids / cholesterol
phosphodiester bond
purines / pyrimidines
noncompetitive inhibition
cooperativity
allosteric regulation / allosteric site
feedback inhibition
Study / Review Questions: Answer / outline on the back of this page or on a separate piece of paper.
1) Create a chart or outline in which you summarize the information we have learned for each of the four classes of
organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). Make sure to include:
-the names of the monomers (subunits)
-the name of the type of bond or linkage group connecting the monomers
-the elements present
-the primary function(s)
-at least two specific examples of each (and their functions)
2)
a) Sketch and label the general structure of an amino acid.
b) Summarize / explain the 4 levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
c) Explain how the primary structure of a protein is determined.
d) Describe 2 examples of secondary structure.
e) Describe 4 types of interactions that contribute to the tertiary structure of a protein.
3)
a) List 3 ways in which DNA differs from RNA.
b) Sketch and label the general structure of a nucleotide.
c) Explain how these monomers (nucleotides) are linked to form nucleic acids.
d) How do purines differ from pyrimidines?
e) List the full names for the 2 bases that are purines and the 3 bases that are pyrimidines.
f) Describe the 3-dimensional structure of DNA.
4)
a) Sketch and label the general structure of a fatty acid.
b) Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats.
c) Describe the building blocks, structure and importance of fats, phospholipids and steroids.
5) Explain the difference between the following polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin.
6) Describe three differences between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis (condensation).
7)
a) Explain the significance of an enzyme’s active site.
b) Summarize at least two environmental factors affecting enzyme function.
c) Distinguish between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.
d) Explain how feedback inhibition helps to regulate some metabolic pathways.