Download Adrenal glands

NAME_____________________________
Endocrine System
PART ONE: How Hormones Work
1.
Using the list of terms, identify the glands in the diagram, and complete the following table.
Adrenal glands
Hypothalamus
Ovaries
Pancreas
Parathyroid gland
Pineal gland (draw this in)
Pituitary
Testes
Thymus gland (draw this in)
Thyroid gland
Name of Gland
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Pineal gland
Pituitary (anterior)
Pituitary (posterior)
Testes
Thymus
Thyroid
Hormone(s)
2. Write either “peptide hormone” or “steroid hormone” on the line above each diagram. Using the
list of terms. pLace an appropriate word or phrase on the lines within each diagram.
cyclic AMP, hormone receptor, hormone receptor complex, protein synthesis
_______________________
_______________________
3. Control of hormone release. Often the release of a hormone is dependent upon the blood level
of the substance it is controlling. When the level of a substance increases, generally this
causes the hormone secretion to __________________. This is an example of
_______________ feedback. In other instances, ________________hormones oppose each
other’s actions, thus regulating the target substance in the body.
PART TWO: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
4. Write “AP” beside the statements that apply to the anterior pituitary and “PP” beside the
statements that apply to the posterior pituitary.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
_______
_______
_______
_______
connected to hypothalamus by nerve fibers
connected to hypothalamus by blood vessels
secretes hormones produced by hypothalamus
controlled by releasing-hormones produced by hypothalamus
5. To show why the anterior pituitary is sometimes called the master gland, complete this table.
Anterior Pituitary Produces
TSH
ACTH
Gonadotropic hormones
Female
Male
Gland Controlled
Hormone Produced by Gland
6. What causes the hypothalamus to stop producing releasing-hormones and the anterior pituitary
to stop producing its hormones?
PART THREE: Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
7. Match the conditions in the key with the phrases that follow.
KEY: cretinism, exophthalmic goiter, simple goiter, myxedema
Hypothyroidism (choose more than one): _______________________________________
Hyperthyroidism: ________________________________________________________
Hypothyroidism since birth: ________________________________________________
Hypothyroidism in the adult: ________________________________________________
Lack of iodine: __________________________________________________________
8. Match the items in the key with the phrases that follow.
KEY: Ca++ in bones, Ca++ in blood
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
_______________ calcitonin present
_______________ mistaken removal of parathyroids during a thyroid operation
_______________ PTH present
_______________ postmenopausal women who no longer produce estrogen
_______________ osteoporosis
_______________ child with tetany
PART FOUR: Adrenal Glands have two parts
9. What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla and what effect do they have on the
body?
What triggers the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla?
10. Distinguish between cortisol and aldosterone by writing “YES” or “NO” on each line.
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Controlled by ACTH
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoid
Relieves stress
Na+/K+ balance
Amino acids -- glucose
Controlled by angiotensin II
11. Indicate whether these symptoms are indicative of Addison disease or Cushing syndrome by
writing “AD” or “CS” beside each description.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
_______ cannot handle bodily stress
_______ cannot maintain blood glucose level
_______ tendency toward diabetes mellitus
_______ low blood pressure because of a low blood sodium level
_______ high blood pressure because of a high blood sodium level
_______ edema because of too much sodium in system
_______ bronzing of skin
_______ thin arms and legs; enlarged trunk
PART FIVE: Pancreas Produces Two Hormones
12. Write the word “insulin” or “glucagon” on the appropriate arrow.
Glycogen -------------- glucose molecules
Storage in liver ------------- in the blood
13. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?
a. ___ All persons with diabetes mellitus have to take insulin.
b. ___ Persons who have to take insulin to control diabetes have faulty receptors for insulin.
c. ___ Diet can control diabetes even in persons who have to take insulin daily.
PART SIX: Other Endocrine Glands
14. The pineal gland produces the hormone ____________ that helps regulate ___________.
The ovaries produce ___________ and _____________ that function in the menstrual cycle
and during pregnancy. The testes produce ______________ that influences production of
_____________ and secondary sexual characteristics.
15. Match the items in the key to the phrases that follow.
KEY: acromegaly, osteoporosis, diabetes insipidus, Cushing disease, diabetes mellitus,
Addison disease, exophthalmic goiter
Enlarged thyroid and bulging eyes:
thyroid:
Bronzing of skin:
adrenal cortex: (two disorders)
Weak bones:
pancreas:
Enlarged bones:
posterior pituitary:
Sugar in the urine:
16. PART SEVEN: Working together: Match the organ systems with the correct descriptions.
_____ Integumentary system
_____ Nervous system
_____ Respiratory system
_____ Urinary system
_____ Lymphatic system
_____ Reproductive system
_____ Muscular system
_____ Circulatory System
_____ Skeletal system
_____ Digestive system
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Lymphatic vessels pick up excess tissue fluid; immune system protects against infections.
Bones provide protection for glands; store Ca++ used as second messenger.
Kidneys keep blood values within normal limits so that transport of hormones continues.
Stomach and small intestines produce hormones.
Gas exchange in lungs provides oxygen and rids body of carbon dioxide.
Hypothalamus is part of endocrine system; nerves innervate glands of secretion
Gonads produce sex hormones.
Muscles help protect glands.
Skin helps protect endocrine glands.
Blood vessels transport hormones; blood services glands; heart produces atrial natriuretic
hormones.