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THE HUBERT KAIRUKI MEMORIAL
UNIVERSITY
DEPATRMENT OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
TOPIC:SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
PRESENTER:LUQMAN
MOHAMED,MELUBO
NYANGE,SHOMETI M MAIJEI,MIRIUM
EMMANUEL,HASSAN,SHANI
IDDY,HELLEN JOHNSON
FACILITATOR; MR ISACK LEMA
CONTENT
Introduction
Definition of terms
Specific objectives
Main presentation
Conclusion
Summary
Recommendation
References
INTRODUCTION
The study of behavior is primary
concerned with the influence that people
have on each other and with the
determination of a person`s reactions in a
social situation.
It is important to recognize that much of
behavior reflects the influence of social
environment.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR-Is behavior directed toward
society or taking place between members of the same
species
SOCIAL INFLUENCE-Is the attempt to modify ones
behaviour to incalculate appropriate behaviour and
later appropriate attitudes and beliefs.
SOCIAL PERCEPTION-Is in psychology and other
cognitive sciences that allows people to understand
the individuals and groups of their social world and
thus an element of social cognition
BEHAVIOUR- Is defined as the way how people acts
as individual and as a group
PERSUASION-Is the process of guiding oneself or
another towards the adoption of some attitude by
some rational or symbolic means.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of presentation you should
able to;
Define social behaviour
Understand the aspect of social
behaviour
Know the derteminants of liking
Understand the concept of helping
behaviour
MAIN PRESENTATION
A.SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Soon after birth, the young child is the target of
attempts to modify his or her behavior. For most of
childhood sustained efforts are made by parents and
teachers to incalculate appropriate behavior and later
appropriate attitudes and beliefs.
The process of systematic influence is known as
socialization .Later in life socialization continues at the
hands of the peer groups or perhaps of professional
colleagues.
In medicine for instance, one does not acquire scientific
knowledge but a condut conceaned how to behave
towards other members of the profession and to behave
towards patient.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE CONT…
MECHANISM OF SOCIALIZATION.
The primary socialization are;
1.
2.
Operant conditioning
Observation learning
1)
Operant conditioning
Is the modification of behaviour by the manipulation of rewards and
punishments.
2) Observational learning
Involves the observation of other people`s behaviour and its
concequences.Seing the rewards and punishments which accrue to other
people creates expectations about the consequences for oneself.
Not all models are equally effective,however learning may be facilitated if the
model has desirable features like prestige or power.eg some junior doctors tend
to acquire the speech mannerism or habits of consultants.Peer models with
whom the person can identify are also often effective organ providing the
model is attractive in some way.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE CONT…
LEVELS OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE
1. Compliance
2. Identification
3. Internalization
a. Compliance
It is when someone conforms to an influence
superficially,while privately retaining a different
attitude.The person may be willing to do what is
suggested because of the reward punishments
which ensue but only because of these
consequences.
SOCIAL INFLUNCE CONT…
FACTORS PRODUCING COMPLIANCE.
a.
SOCIAL PRESSURE
Under laboratory condition it is quite easy to get people to conform to social pressures.Subjects have judged
lines to be clearly longer or shorter than they realy were and in dramatic example continued to give increasingly
more powerfull electric shocks to a fellow subjects who was clearly in distress.
This sort of compliance typically occurs when the person making the request is in a minority of one and when
someone else is taking responsibility for any adverse concequences of the subject behaviour.
Interestingly,these condition may be approximated to by hierarchical professions such us medicine,nurses and
doctors low in the hierarchical profession are likely to compy with the decisions of more senior staff even if they
believe to be wrong.
In one exercise nurses were ordered by a doctor over the telephone to administer twice the maximum
recommended dosage of a drug to a patient
The doctor said he will sign the order later when he returned to to the word.Although this procedure was
clearly contrary to hospital policy,twenty one out of twenty two nurses were ready to comply with his request.
HOW MORE PERMANENT ATTITUDE CHANGE PRODUCING.
When external pressure is brought to beer on someone to comply,little attitude change is likely to results.
Ideally the minimum pressure possible should be used,so that the person has little justification for his or her
action.In this way the person feels that the decision to comply was atleast partly taken of their own free will and
that they believed in or agreed with their actions.
Another way of changing attitude is by persuasion .This is more effective if the person doing the persuading is
perceived as;
I.
Credible and processing the necessary expertise
II.
Truthworthy,preferably having no vested interest in the outcome.The message itself is more effective if it
contains clear and specific instructions rather than general advice.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE CONT…
b) Identification
These occurs when we adopt the attitudes of others in
order to maintain a satisfactory relationship with them.
A person may think that he or she really shares those
beliefs but if the identification changes under the influence
of more important relationship the beliefs are likely to
change too.
c) Internalization
Is when people accept a believe or behaviour and agree
both public and privately eg. Doctors spend much of their
time trying to influence the attitudes and behaviour of their
patients and so need to be aware of the factors that
produce both superficial compliance to ,as well as
internalization of the principles of healthy living.
B.SOCIAL PERCEPTION
Much of our social bevaviour depends on our
judgement about and liking for other people
who we may have only known for a short time.
These judgements may affect among other
things,our willingness to help people whether in
professional or non professional capacity and
hence the study of attraction as well as of
helping is particularly relevant to medicine
SOCIAL PERCEPTION CONT…
DERTEMINANTS OF LIKING.
a) Physical attractiveness
b) Similarity
c) Familiarity
A. PHYSICAL ATTRACTION
As might be expected,physical attractiveness is very psychologist call the
heterosexual dating situation, but if important in many situations
too.Example it has been found that a magistrates give more lenient
sentences to female defendants who considered attractive.Even at 5-6
years age physically attractive boys and girls are more popular with their
peers,and with adult too.
In one experiment women were given a description of an aggressive act
commited by 7 years old,which was accompanied by a paragraph of either
an attractive or unattractive child.When asked to describe the child who
commited the act, the women rated the attractiveness child as less
generally antisocial and as less likely to be aggressive in future
SOCIAL PERCEPTION CONT…
2.SIMILARITY
Husbands and tends to be similar not only in
religion,education,social background but also in
physical characteristics like height, eye colour,
attractness and psychologic characteristics like
intelligence.
SIMILARITY CONT…
class The practitioners tends to
spend longer talking to middle class
than working patients may reflect the
influence of similarity
SOCIAL PERCEPTION CONT…
3.familiarity
The finding shows that student
friendships in halls of residence are
strongly rated to proximity of rooms
and to the frequency with which
student are likely to come into contact
with one another.These factors are
relevant to medicine because so much
of patient and some of the quality of
care is likely to depend on the liking of
one for the other.
Familiarity cont…
Like magistrate cited above,doctors
may be more sympathetic and
understanding towards physically
attractive patients or those who
appear most similar to themselves.
HELPING BEHAVIOUR
Most studies of helping or prosocial behaviour has been carried out with non
professions but some of their findings are relevant in medicine .Whether by standers
intervene to help in an emergency is related into two factors;
I.
The number of people present
II. The perceived cause of the problems.
The more people present ,the less likely anyone intervenes.This may be because the
present of others helps to define the situation as a non emergency or becausethere is
diffusion of responsibilities.
The perceived cause of the problem is important because the more it appears to be
the victims own fault,the less likely help is to be forthcoming.
In an experiment on the new York subway in which a man collapsed and lay on the
ground help was found to arrive more quickly if the man carried a cane appeared to be
ill than if he smelt of alcohol and appeared to be a drunk.
Although doctors are disigneted by the public as helpers they too may be affected by
the perceived cause of illiness.This I most likely when time or other resources are
scarce in which case may decide to allocate more time to the derserving cases who qre
not seen as responsible for their illiness.
A dramatic example of this happened in the casuality department of a new York
hospital which was was often faced with trying to revive apparently life less bodies.
Researchers noticed that the length of persistence of these seedily dressed or who
looked like vagrants or prostitutes are received less attention than the young and
smart dressed,such behavior is also likely to be demonstrated in the treatment of self
poisoning,doctors often feel hostility towards those whose illiness is their own fault.
CONCLUSION
From the moment of birth, humans are social
creatures, indeed without social interactions(the
support of caregivers) no infant would survive. Even
we become capable of living independently, very few
people seek to live in isolation.
SUMMARY.
Social behaviour is the behavior directed
towards society or taking place between
members of the same species.There are two
aspects of social behavior and these are
compliance,identification and
recommendation.
Helping behavior like any other behavior
varies with our perception.Medical practice
could become much more effective if
doctors paid more attraction to these social
determinants of behavior
RECOMMENDATION
As doctor to be we supposed to take
care for anyone despite of their
appearance.
As medical personel we should ought
the good behavior in order to attract
the patient to reveal all the secreate
they have to enhance good diagnosis.
The social influence should not always
taken into consideration but one should
judge whether its good or bad to follow.
REFERENCES
Hilgard E.R,Atkson R.C and Atkson
R.L(1979) Introduction to psychology
7th edition new York, Harcourt
javanovich
www.wikipedia.com
www.experts column.com