Download Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Review Guide

Unit #2: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Test Review Guide
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What are two reasons that DNA is unique?
What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
What are the four nitrogen bases present in DNA?
What are purines? How many rings do they have?
What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by what FOUR scientists (last names only are okay)
and in what year?
Be able to label the structures of a DNA molecule (refer to notes):
a.
What is the backbone of DNA made out of?
b.
What holds the DNA molecule together?
c.
The nitrogen bases are always connected to the (sugar or phosphate)?
Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule (for example, adenine binds with….)
What enzyme “unzips” the two strands of DNA in DNA replication?
What does DNA polymerase do?
If one strand of DNA is ATTCCG, what is the other complementary strand of DNA?
What are the three types of RNA? What does each type do?
What are the three differences between RNA and DNA?
What is transcription? Where does it occur in the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm)?
Briefly describe the steps of transcription.
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
How does mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell?
If an RNA molecule contains the sequence AAC GCU, what is the sequence of the DNA molecule from
which it was made?
A series of three mRNA nitrogen bases that contains the information needed to make proteins are called
what?
What is the universal start codon?
What are the three stop codons? (look at codon wheel; this will be provided on the test)
What is translation? Where does it occur in the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm)?
Draw a tRNA molecule and label its parts.
Find the mRNA strand, tRNA anticodon and amino acid sequence for the following DNA strand:
TAC
CCT CAT ACT
Draw a picture of what happens in protein synthesis OR copy and paste a picture (start with the mRNA
strand leaving the nucleus). Then, briefly describe the process of translation.
What does the word “mutation” mean?
Mutations that produce changes in a single gene are called ___
Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes are known as ___
In what way(s), if any, do mutations change organisms?
What are the 3 examples of gene (point) mutations?
What are the 3 types of substitutions? Explain each.
Insertions and deletions usually result in frameshift mutations. What does this mean?
What are the 4 examples of chromosomal mutations? Explain each.
What are the 3 examples of substitutions? (missense….etc)