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Transcript
10% Rule biological magnification abiotic factor biome acid rain biosphere algal bloom biotic factors biodiversity carbon cycle 1a increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web Only 10% of the energy in one trophic level gets passed onto the next trophic level group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids biological (living) influence on organisms within an ecosystem an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient the continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the environment biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere 1b carnivore competition carrying capacity consumer climax community dead zone commensalism dead zone 2 community decomposer 2a the simultaneous demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light organism that obtains energy by eating animals organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support Dead zones are low-oxygen areas in the world's oceans and large lakes, caused by "excessive nutrient pollution from human activities (fertilizer use) that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and nearbottom water. An ecological community in the final stage of succession, in which the species composition remains relatively. A symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. (The orchid does not harm the tree because its roots stay on the bark of the tree and does not take nutrients from the tree. The orchid benefits by getting more sunlight) organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter; primarily fungi and bacteria all living, or biotic, things in an area 2b deforestation extinct detritivore food chain ecological pyramid food web ecosystem global warming endangered species greenhouse effect 3a term used to refer to a species that has died out destruction of forests by logging or burning A food chain shows how each living thing gets food, and how nutrients and energy are passed from creature to creature. organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter (ex. earthworms, crabs) A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web increase in the average temperatures on Earth all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things in an area heat retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues 3b habitat fragmentation mutualism herbivore nitrogen cycle invasive species (non-native species) nitrogen-fixation lichen omnivore limiting factor organism 4a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship splitting of ecosystems into small fragments the continuous process by which nitrogen is exchanged between organisms and the environment organism that obtains energy by eating only plants (also all primary consumers are herbivores) bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form of nitrogen that is usable by plant (we get the nitrogen we need from food ) an introduced, invasive organism (plant, animal, fungus, protist, or bacterium) that has negative effects on our economy, our environment, or our health organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals (bears eat berries and fish) symbiotic (mutualistic) association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism an individual living thing that uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease or not grow any larger (ex. food, water, shelter, predation, disease, etc.- abiotic or biotic factors) 4b overfishing predation parasitism primary succession pioneer species producer pollutant secondary succession population species 5a interaction in which one organism hunts, immediatedly kills and feeds on another organism Overfishing is depleting fish stocks to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size. The results are resource depletion, low biological growth rates, and critically low biomass levels. succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exist symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food f; also called an autotroph first species to populate an area during primary succession; for example a lichen succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area 5b succession symbiosis 6a Ecological succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The time scale can be decades (for example, after a wildfire), or even millions of years after a mass extinction. Relationship in which two species live closely together, with one or both benefiting from the relationship. 6b