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And here’s Florence! Here it is! 1. How could Venice’s geographical location be a major factor on its society? Located on the Adriatic Sea Major port city Strong Navy Further away from Rome than Florence Secular republic during the Renaissance Stable, powerful, and prosperous economy More incentive for noble patrons to support the arts. Guilds made sure artists were properly compensated. Alfonso d’Este. Light and color achieved drama Smooth brushwork – achieved velvety look Subject matter Mostly church themes Venuses Born in Venice Founder of the Venetian School of Painting Used light and color for transitions, not lines San Zaccaria Altarpiece (1505) Real name: Tiziano Vecellio (1485-1578) Studied under Bellini and Giorgione Greatest painter of the Venetian School Notice the gorgeous skylines in the background Presentation of the Virgin (1539) Penitene Magdalene (1555-1556) 2. Define: Renaissance Mana person who is skilled in multiple fields and who has a broad base of knowledge. Leonardo da Vinci was Renaissance man interested in many different things. He was a: •Painter - his two most famous paintings are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. Only a few of his paintings survived. •Scientist – he was master of anatomy. He dissected human corpses to study human anatomy. •Engineer - in his notebooks he demonstrated his technological originality. He drew a helicopter, a tank, a calculator, and a hang glider. Some have been demonstrated to work through the construction of models. Leonardo da Vinci Self Portrait red chalk on paper Landlocked city Banking was the first source of income. Twelve artist guilds regulated trade Mostly traded wool Made patrons wealthy. Patron- helped support the arts, many wealth merchants became patrons of the arts First supporters of art was Lorenzo de Medici. 3. Merchants were not nobles so who were they? They were the wealthiest, most powerful class that dominated politics, they did not inherit their social rank they had to become successful in business by their own wits, which became an important theme of the Renaissance Sculptors: Painters: Architects: Donatello Botticelli Michelangelo ۩ Alberti Ghiberti Da Vinci Raphael ۩ Bruneschelli ۩ Perspective- technique that creates the appearance of 3-dimension ۩ Realism ۩ Antiquity ۩ Balance/Geometry ۩ Individualism/ Humanism ۩ Light/Shadow/Softening edges ۩ Greco Roman classics/learning ۩ Artist see as Celebrities ۩ Popular subjects from classical civilizations are history, literature, and philosophy 4. How would renewed interest in Greco-Roman culture change the relationship between secular & religious institutions? Vs. secular religious Politics will change- merchants will become rich & play an important role in mercantilism The desire to explore, to question, and in make new discoveries will arise Catholic Church will weaken which will cause a separation of church and secular ideas Start of the Ninja Turtles Born in Florence Worked in Ghiberti’s shop Three periods of work: Before 1425 (influenced by gothic work, but also classical and realist) St. Mark 1443-66 David (realism, focus on natural postures & expression of character) 1425-1443 (Mostly with antiquity) Gattamelata Born in Florence Extremely vivid and detailed work Both a sculptor and goldsmith Sacrifice of Isaac Member of the Medici family Florence’s favorite artist Adoration of the Magi (1481-1482) Birth of Venus (1484) Primavera (1482) Desire to paint realistically Architect, musician, engineer, scientist, inventor Mona Lisa (1503-1506) Last Supper (1495) da Vinci Observations & sketches on how the body works & new inventions Painter, sculptor and architect Major studies of human anatomy – helped him to form figures Most famous for David and his paintings on the Sistine Chapel Michelangelo-Architecture St. Peter’s Basilica Sistine Chapel Website http://www.vatican.va/various/cappelle/sistin a_vr/index.html vanishing point horizontal line linear perspective Perspective is the technique used to create an illusion of space and depth on a flat surface (a piece of paper or canvas) so that it looks realistic. The vanishing point is a place in the distance where the train tracks appear to come together. Using linear perspective objects are painted smaller to appear farther away. ©2012, TESCCC In Florence, taught by Michelangelo & da Vinci. Lighting techniques and figure shaping. Entombment (1507). Notice the use of the vanishing point and horizon line to creates the appearance of 3dimension Raphael A. Madonna paintings B. School of Athens Connect to classical Greco-Roman culture C. Literature- written in vernacular text Marriage of the Virgin (1504). 5. How did society change as a result of literature being transcribed in vernacular text? #6 Intellect Poetry Color Pleasure Beauty ۩ Classical and biblical themes Line, form, design Grandeur Heroic Printing Press • Printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1455 • Renaissance – printers could massproduce copies of books at one time. Books were now cheap enough so that larger numbers of people could buy them. Travel books and medical journals spread new ideas and led to the Scientific Revolution. Literacy rose as more people began to read. Printing in vernacular languages made it easier for people who did not have a classical education to read. • 7a. What do you think was the first full book ever printed? – The Holy Bible • 7b. Why? – Impact of the Church. Power to the people. The most important book in Europe. 8. How could writing by popular books during the Renaissance reflect the change in culture? • Shakespeare’s It showed the importance of Romeo and Juliet, individuals- love, hate Hamlet, and Macbeth power, money, beauty • Machiavelli's The Which are the ideas behind Prince humanism • Sir Thomas More’s Utopia 9. Explain how the characteristics of the Renaissance would challenge the power of the church • Printing press spread secular ideas • Rulers resented the popes’ attempt to control them • Merchants resented paying church taxes • People began to interpret the Bible themselves • People became critical of priest and their behaviors • Religious reforms begin to develop throughout Europe