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Cellular Respiration
Harvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
Regents Biology
2007-2008
 Respiration
 Must have enzymes!!!
 C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
 Photosynthesis
 Must have enzymes & light &

chlorophyll!!!!
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Regents Biology
Energy needs of life
 Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for?
 synthesis (building)
 reproduction
 active transport (pumping)
 movement
 temperature control (making heat)
Regents Biology
Where do we get energy?
 Energy is stored in organic molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Animals eat these organic molecules  food
 digest food to get


 fuels for energy (ATP)
 raw materials for building more molecules
 carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
Regents Biology
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Whoa!
HOT stuff!
Regents Biology
2007-2008
Harvesting energy stored in food
 Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP
 in mitochondria
 using oxygen

usually digesting glucose
 but could be other sugars,
fats, or proteins
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
Regents Biology
6O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat
What do we need to make energy?
 The “Furnace” for making energy

mitochondria
Make ATP!
Make ATP!
All I do all day…
And no one
even notices!
 Fuel

food
 carbohydrates,
fats, proteins
food
 The Helpers

oxygen
 “aerobic”

enzymes
enzymes
Regents Biology
O2
ATP
Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cells
plant cells
Regents Biology
“Burn fuels” to make energy
combustion
making heat energy by burning fuels in one step
fuel
(carbohydrates)
O2
CO2 + H2O + heat
aerobic respiration
making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels
in many small steps
ATP
Regents Biology
food
(carbohydrates)
O2
CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat)
Using ATP to do work?
Can’t store ATP
 too unstable
 only used in cell
that produces it
 only short term
energy storage
 carbohydrates & fats
are long term
energy storage
Whoa!
Pass me the
glucose & oxygen!
Regents Biology
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
work
Adenosine DiPhosphate
ADP + P
A working muscle recycles over
10 million ATPs per second
A Body’s Energy Budget
eat
food
ATP
synthesis
(building)
storage
Regents Biology
{
{
{
• energy needed
even at rest
• activity
• temperature
control
• growth
• reproduction
• repair
• glycogen
(animal starch)
• fat
What if oxygen is missing?
 Can’t complete aerobic respiration

Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
 alcohol fermentation
 yeast
glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol
 make beer, wine, bread

 lactic acid fermentation
 bacteria, animals
glucose  ATP + lactic acid
 bacteria make yogurt
 animals feel muscle fatigue

Regents Biology
but only make a
little bit of ATP!
O2
Glycolysis p. 97
 Cytoplasm
 2ATP-activation energy
 Glucose 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvates)
 2 NAD2NADH
 4 ADP4 ATP(substrate level
phosphorylation)
Regents Biology
Oxidation of pyruvic acid p. 98
 Mitochondria
 2 pyruvic acid2 acetyl
 2 NAD2 NADH
 2 CO2 given off
Regents Biology
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
p.99
 occurs in matrix







CoA ushers acetyl in
Acetyl joins with O acid to form citric acid
2 CO2 are released
1 ATP made (substrate level phosphorylation)
3 NADH
1FADH2
Turns twice
Regents Biology
Electron Transport Chain p.100
 Peter Mitchell Chemiosmosis
 Proton Gradient
 Oxidative phosphorylation
 Occurs in cristae
 NADH and FADH2 drop off electrons
 As electrons move down, protons are

pumped into intermembrane space
Protons rush through ATP Synthase
and make 36 ATP
Regents Biology