Download DEPENDENT CLAUSES

CLAUSES
Clause: a group of words that
contains a subject and its
predicate
FYI:
 A complete clause includes not only the
subject and the verb, but all of the
modifiers and phrases that go with
them. A sentence may consist of only
one clause or several, each with its own
subject and predicate.
TWO KINDS OF CLAUSES:
 Independent clause: makes sense
independently.
 Example: Lance is a goofball.
 Dependent clause: does not make sense
unless it can “hang on to” an independent
clause.
Example: Because Lance is a goofball…
MORE DEPENDENT
CLAUSES:
 Adjective dependent clause: (AKA relative clause)
a dependent clause used as an adjective; often
interrupts the main clause; begins with relative
pronouns.
 Relative pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, that
 Examples:
 The man who followed you turned left.
 We watched the man who turned left.
 “I am he that walks with the tender and growing
night.”
 Adverb dependent clause: dependent
clauses that act as big adverbs. Adverb
clauses usually begin with subordinating
conjunctions.
 Subordinating conjunctions: if, as, since, when, because,
before, after, although, as long as, while, even though, in
order that
 Example: I jumped when the fish expanded.
(This clause acts as an adverb because it answers the question,
“When did I jump?”)
Where dependent clauses go:
 Dependent clauses can not be used as
sentences by themselves; they depend on an
independent clause for meaning.
 The dependent clause may be placed before,
after, or even in the middle of an
independent clause:




If you find the white whale, the voyage will be a success.
The evil will collapse when the white whale is destroyed.
The poet who wrote the cantos was exiled to Italy.
I found what I was looking for.
The difference between a
clause and a sentence:
 Read only:
 A clause has both a subject and a
predicate, like a sentence, but a
sentence always has a complete
thought, whereas a clause might be
incomplete (if it’s dependent).
 A sentence can consist of one or
several clauses.
FOUR SENTENCE STRUCTURES:
 Simple sentence: Structure: I
 A simple sentence consists of simply
one independent clause.
 The house is haunted.
COMPOUND SENTENCE: II
 Structure: I + I or I+I+I, etc.
 A compound sentence is a sentence
compounded by 2 or more independent
clauses.
 Ask me for tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.
Complex Sentence: ID
D,I
 Structure: I+D or D+I or D+I+D,
etc.
 A complex sentence consists of an
independent clause joined to a
dependent clause.
 Whenever Richard Cory went downtown, we people
on the pavement looked at him.
Compound-complex sentence
IID
DII
 Structure: I+I+D or D+I+I
 A compound-complex sentence contains
both a compound clause structure and
a complex clause structure.
 Because I exercise, I feel happy, and I stay
in shape.
Summary of Clause Punctuation:
 I,ccI
 I;I
 ID
 D,I
(comma before coordinating
conjunction in compound sentence)
(semicolon between independent
clauses if no coordinating conjunction)
(no comma after independent clause in
complex sentence)
(comma after dependent clause in
complex sentence)
Four Purposes of Sentences/Ideas:
 Declarative Sentence: a sentence that
declares (states)
 I am going to the mall.
 Interrogative Sentence: a sentence that
interrogates (asks a question)
 Are you going to the mall?
 Imperative Sentence: a command
 Go to the mall.
 Exclamatory Sentence: exclaims
 I’m going to the mall!
CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!
 You are finished taking grammar notes!!!!
 until next year…..=0)