Download GRAMMAR NOTES

GRAMMAR NOTES
Parts of Speech
NOUN is a person, place, thing, or idea.
Ex: school or garden, toy, or swing
PRONOUN takes the place of a noun
Ex: he, she, it, they
ADJECTIVES describe the noun
Ex: great, small, pretty, white, or brown
VERBS show action
Ex: read, write, count, sing, jump, or run.
ADVERBS tell how things are done when modifying a verb
Ex: slowly, quickly, badly, well
CONJUNCTIONS join the words together
Ex: men and women, wind or weather
PREPOSITION stands before a noun to show relationship, time, or location in a sentence
Ex: in or through a door, under the blanket
INTERJECTION shows surprise in a sentence
Ex: Oh, how pretty! Ah! How wise!
Parts of a Sentence
The subject of a sentence tells whom or what the sentence is about.
The predicate of the sentence tells what the subject does or has. It can also tell what the subject is
or is like.
An independent, or coordinate, clause is a clause that expresses a complete thought and can
stand alone.
A dependent, or subordinate, clause is a clause that does not express a complete thought and
cannot stand alone.
Example: Curt called his father who was still at work.
Curt called his father is an independent clause. It would be a complete sentence without anything
else added to it. The clause who was still at work is a dependent clause. It does not express a
complete thought and is not a complete sentence.
GRAMMAR NOTES
Types of Sentences
A declarative sentence makes a statement. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.
Example: My hobby is reading mystery books. (declarative)
An interrogative sentence asks a question. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a question
mark.
Example: Have you read the latest Nancy Drew book? (interrogative)
The purpose of an exclamatory sentence is to express strong feeling. It begins with a capital
letter and ends with an exclamation point.
Example: I aced the test! (exclamation)
An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. Its subject is not stated directly,
but is understood to be you. Imperative sentences also begin with a capital letter and usually end
with a period. A strong command may end with an exclamation point.
Examples:
(You) Put your essay on my desk when you are finished. (imperative)
(You) Give me a break! (strong imperative)
Simple Sentence
-A simple sentence is a sentence that has one complete thought. It has one subject and predicate.
-Example: “The Yellow Rose” is a folk song of the 18th century.
Compound Sentence
-A compound sentence has two simple sentences joined by a comma and a coordinating
conjunction. The coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
-Example: Jack’s father wanted him to be a lawyer, but he studied literature and philosophy.
Complex Sentence
-A complex sentence has a dependent clause and a main clause. The dependent clause needs the
main clause to give meaning to the sentence. A complex sentence uses subordinate conjunctions
like when, because, since, as.
-Example: The twins settled their argument quickly because they were running late for the show.
Compound-Complex Sentence
-A compound-complex sentence includes two independent clauses joined with a dependent
clause. It has three independent clauses joined by a conjunction.
-Example: I forgot to get Mom a card for her birthday, so I have to make one as soon as I get
home.