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Warm Up When you die, what do you want people to remember about you? ACT/SAT Word of the day: advocacy (n.) The act of pleading a cause. Ex. The girl did a lot of advocacy work for Autistic children in college Goal! • SWBAT Explain the fall of Greece and the importance of Alexander the Great! Rise of Macedonia, Video • Peloponnesian War weakens Greek city states, militarily and economically. • Macedonians, a people from the North invade and conquer Greece (Phillip II) • City States keep local government but lose Independence. Greek culture stays. The Rise of Alexander, Video • Phillip II, Alexander’s father, planned to invade Persia, but is assassinated. • Wanted to carry out his father’s dream. He invaded Persia in 334 BC • Eight years later, Alexander’s armies had conquered all of Egypt, Palestine, Persia, and all the way to India. Alexander’s Empire Hellenism • As Alexander conquered an area, he would borrow the customs that he liked from each area. • Took a Persian wife and adopted Persian dress. • This blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian cultures became known as Hellenistic Culture. • Today, Greece still calls itself the “Hellenic Republic” Did ya get it!? • Complete the entrance quiz silently. Goal! • SWBAT Evaluate the inequality in the Roman Republic by comparing to the US. Rome traced its origins back to 2 twin brothers named Romulus and Remus, descendants of a Trojan hero named Aeneas who had fled to Italy after the Trojan War. As babies, the boys were placed in a basket and set adrift in the Tiber River at the order of their great uncle. According to the legend, the basket washed ashore and was found by a world who cared for the boys. Eventually, the boys were discovered by a kind shepherd who adopted them as his own sons. When the boys grew up, they decided to build a city on the Tiber where they had been saved. The brothers fought about the exact location for the city. Eventually, Romulus won the argument and began to sketch out plans for the city’s layout. Irritated that he had been overruled, Remus mocked his brother’s plans. Enraged, Romulus attacked and killed Remus. He then built the city they had planned, which he named Rome, after himself. He made himself Rome’s king and ruled nearly 40 years. In time the humble city of Romulus grew into a major power. •753 B.C. •Built by Indo-European tribe known as the Latins •Grew into a prosperous city •One reason because of its location Located on the Tiber River, major trade route in Italy •A republic is a form of government where people elect representatives. •Rome might have had a representative government, but not all people were represented. •Roman women were not allowed to vote •Plebeians were not allowed to vote What’s a plebian? Patricians and Plebeians Patricians •Members of the aristocrat •Rich •Controlled every aspect of society •Politics •Religions •Economics •Military Plebeians •Common people •Challenged patricians for power •Refused to defend Rome when enemies invaded and left •Realizing that Rome would be defeated, patricians decided to give them more rights You are a Patrician or a Plebian A situation will come to you and your group, have one person lead the discussion and a second person be the scribe. Decide what your group is going to do in each situation. Rome Patricians & Plebeians USA Blacks & Whites Plebeians had no say in political life African Americans lived for many years without equal rights Plebeians fought to defend Rome, after African Americans fought in refusing to fight until they every war from the American were granted rights Revolution to Vietnam before they were granted equal rights Muhammad Ali http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeFMyrWlZ68 Should people without equal rights serve their country or refuse to fight? Why? •Julius Caesar Takes Control •Military leader Julius Caesar is elected leader •Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey form a triumvirate—a group of three leaders. •Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity and power. •Caesar is named dictator in 44 B.C. •Caesar’s Reforms •Caesar makes reforms: grants wider citizenship creates jobs for the poor •Group of senators opposes Caesar and murders him on March 15, 44 B.C. •Economic Turmoil •Gap between rich and poor widens •Farmers and former soldiers lose estates and become homeless. •Military Upheaval •Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal •43 B.C. Caesar’s supporters take control; become Second Triumvirate which was: Octavian (Caesar’s nephew) Mark Antony (Caesar’s most trusted general) Lepidus (High Priest) •Second Triumvirate ends in jealousy and violence •Octavian accepts title of Augustus, “exalted one,” and rules Rome. •Rome goes from an republic with people voting to an empire where the leader controls everything •Pax Romana (Roman Peace) •Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire. •Rome enjoys 200 years of PEACE and PROSPERITY known as Pax Romana •Who was the leader of the Roman REPUBLIC? •Who was the leader of the Roman EMPIRE? •What is the difference between a REPUBLIC and an EMPIRE? •Agriculture and Trade •Agriculture is the most important industry in the empire •Common coin, denarius, makes trade within empire easier •Rome has a vast trading network which includes China and India. •Network of Roman roads links the empire to Persia and Russia. •Slaves and Captivity •Slavery is a significant part of Roman life in both cities and farms. •Some slaves become gladiators; forced to fight to the death. •Religion •Early Romans honored guardian spirits and gods Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. •Worship of emperor becomes part of official religion of Rome. •Eventually switches to Christianity when Constantine makes it the official religion •Society and Culture •Rich live well; most people are poor, receive grain from government. •150 holidays and Colosseum events were created to control the masses and entertainment . •Rome built great roads to travel on •Aqueducts to bring water into the city •Rome also built great stadiums and amphitheaters for the entertainment of the people. •Romans also developed the use of the arch. 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