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Unit 8: Evolution (Part 1) Test Review Answers 1) Play the slide show 2) Read the question then click to see the correct answer (try to answer yourself first!) 3) Click to go to the next question 1. Define evolution. ANSWER: Change in hereditary/inherited features in a species over time. 2. Name the idea that says that living organisms can come from nonliving matter. ANSWER: Spontaneous generation 3. Name the idea that says that living organisms can only come from other living organisms. ANSWER: Biogenesis 4. What is the method scientists use to measure the age of a fossilized object by the amount of radioactive elements found in it? ANSWER: Radioactive dating 5. What do you call the amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive elements found in an object to decay back to normal? ANSWER: Half-life 6. Name the four different eras of time for the Earth. ANSWER: 1. Precambrian 2. Paleozoic 3. Mesozoic 4. Cenozoic 7. Name ALL the gases that made up Earth’s early atmosphere. ANSWER: a. Carbon monoxide (CO) b. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) c. Methane gas (CH4) d. Ammonia (NH3) e. Water vapor (H2O) f. Nitrogen gas (N2) g. Hydrogen gas (H2) 8. What significant gas (that is essential for organisms today) is NOT present in Earth’s early atmosphere? ANSWER: Oxygen gas 9. For the formation of macromolecules, place the descriptions in correct order in which they happened. 3 Organic compounds collected in bodies of water (such as lakes and seas) 2 Hot temperatures recombined the elements that made up the gases in the atmosphere form simple monomers. 4 UV rays and lightning provide the electricity/energy for simple monomers to combine and form large macromolecules. 1 Earth’s temperature cooled down and water vapor turns into liquid water. 10. Name the two scientists who experimentally tested in a lab the formation of the first macromolecules. ANSWER: MILLER & UREY 11. What is a protocell? What is a protocell missing that keeps it from being a “true” cell? ANSWER: - A protocell is the first life-like structure to form - They are not true cells because they had no DNA or RNA 12. What was the first type of genetic hereditary material to form – DNA or RNA? ANSWER: RNA 13. Was the first true cell (prokaryote) aerobic or anaerobic? ANSWER: ANAEROBIC 14. What is the process in which cells were first able to make its own food (using carbon dioxide)? ANSWER: Chemosynthesis 15. Some bacteria can undergo the process of photosynthesis – besides making sugar/food, what is released into the atmosphere from the process of photosynthesis (that allowed aerobic organisms to evolve). ANSWER: Oxygen gas 16. Name the first two organelles that developed to make a eukaryotic cell. ANSWER: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts 17. Briefly explain the endosymbiotic theory (forming the first eukaryotic cell). ANSWER: a. Large anaerobic prokaryotes eat/take inside a small aerobic prokaryote b. The small aerobic prokaryotes became mitochondria. c. If the large anerobic prokaryotes ingest/take inside cyanobacteria (which undergo photosynthesis), they became chloroplasts. 18. What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have (or what do they do) that supports the idea that they were once separate prokaryote cells that now live inside a larger cell? ANSWER: a. They have their own DNA b. They have their own ribosomes c. They reproduce independently 19. Where did Charles Darwin travel to and what two organisms did he observe that influenced his ideas behind evolution? ANSWER: He went to the Galapagos Islands & observed variation in finches & tortoises 20. Define natural selection (Darwin’s theory behind evolution). YOU MUST KNOW THE DEFINITION FOR THE TEST - NEVER WRITE DOWN “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST” ANSWER: Natural selection is when the organisms with the most useful traits/adaptations for the environment survive & pass on these traits to future generations 21. When describing natural selection or evolution, do organisms adapt to the environment or do they have adaptations for the environment? ANSWER: ADAPTATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT 22. For natural selection, what determines which variations are useful? ANSWER: THE ENVIRONMENT 23. What do you call a characteristic that different in individuals of the same species? ANSWER: VARIATION 24. Why are variations important? ANSWER: It increases the chances of survival for the species 25. What causes variation? ANSWER: MUTATIONS (changes) in DNA 26. What do you call a variation that helps an organism survive in its environment? ANSWER: ADAPTATION 27. What type of adaptation allows organisms to blend into their environment? (Know examples!) ANSWER: - Camouflage How is this useful? - It helps them avoid predators or hide as a predator 28. What type of adaptation allows organisms to resemble a different species? How is this useful? (Know examples!) ANSWER: - Mimicry How is this useful? - Something harmless can look harmful or dangerous 29. What is warning coloration? ANSWER: It is having bright colors to tell predators that it could be toxic/poisonous 30. DESCRIBE each of the 5 types of evidence for evolution. Which is the most important? a. FOSSILS = remains of previous life (most important) b. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES = parts with similar patterns (but with differing functions) to show a common ancestor 30. DESCRIBE each of the 5 types of evidence for evolution. Which is the most important? c. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES = parts with no current function but had a function in an ancestor d. EMBRYOLOGY = Studying organisms in their earliest stages e. DNA = comparing DNA sequences to show similarities 31. For each description below, identify the correct pattern of evolution it demonstrates: a. When many forms of a species evolve from one single species = ADAPTIVE RADIATION b. When related species become more different over time because they live in very different habitats = DIVERGENT EVOLUTION 31. For each description below, identify the correct pattern of evolution it demonstrates: c. When a species changes or evolves in response to changes in a different species = COEVOLUTION d. When unrelated species develop similar characteristics over time because they live in similar environments = CONVERGENT EVOLUTION