Download Unit 9: Evolution (Part 1)

Unit 8: Evolution (Part 1)
Test Review Answers
1) Play the slide show
2) Read the question then click to see the
correct answer (try to answer yourself first!)
3) Click to go to the next question
1. Define evolution.
ANSWER:
Change in hereditary/inherited
features in a species over time.
2. Name the idea that says that
living organisms can come from
nonliving matter.
ANSWER:
Spontaneous generation
3. Name the idea that says that
living organisms can only come
from other living organisms.
ANSWER:
Biogenesis
4. What is the method scientists use to
measure the age of a fossilized object
by the amount of radioactive elements
found in it?
ANSWER:
Radioactive dating
5. What do you call the amount of time
it takes for half of the radioactive
elements found in an object to decay
back to normal?
ANSWER:
Half-life
6. Name the four different eras of
time for the Earth.
ANSWER:
1. Precambrian
2. Paleozoic
3. Mesozoic
4. Cenozoic
7. Name ALL the gases that made up
Earth’s early atmosphere.
ANSWER:
a. Carbon monoxide (CO)
b. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
c. Methane gas (CH4)
d. Ammonia (NH3)
e. Water vapor (H2O)
f. Nitrogen gas (N2)
g. Hydrogen gas (H2)
8. What significant gas (that is essential
for organisms today) is NOT present in
Earth’s early atmosphere?
ANSWER:
Oxygen gas
9. For the formation of macromolecules, place
the descriptions in correct order in which they
happened.
3 Organic compounds collected in bodies of
water (such as lakes and seas)
2 Hot temperatures recombined the elements
that made up the gases in the atmosphere form
simple monomers.
4 UV rays and lightning provide the
electricity/energy for simple monomers to
combine and form large macromolecules.
1 Earth’s temperature cooled down and water
vapor turns into liquid water.
10. Name the two scientists who
experimentally tested in a lab the
formation of the first macromolecules.
ANSWER:
MILLER & UREY
11. What is a protocell? What is a
protocell missing that keeps it from
being a “true” cell?
ANSWER:
- A protocell is the first life-like
structure to form
- They are not true cells because
they had no DNA or RNA
12. What was the first type of
genetic hereditary material to form
– DNA or RNA?
ANSWER:
RNA
13. Was the first true cell
(prokaryote) aerobic or anaerobic?
ANSWER:
ANAEROBIC
14. What is the process in which
cells were first able to make its own
food (using carbon dioxide)?
ANSWER:
Chemosynthesis
15. Some bacteria can undergo the process of
photosynthesis – besides making sugar/food,
what is released into the atmosphere from the
process of photosynthesis (that allowed
aerobic organisms to evolve).
ANSWER:
Oxygen gas
16. Name the first two organelles that
developed to make a eukaryotic cell.
ANSWER:
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
17. Briefly explain the endosymbiotic theory
(forming the first eukaryotic cell).
ANSWER:
a. Large anaerobic prokaryotes eat/take
inside a small aerobic prokaryote
b. The small aerobic prokaryotes
became mitochondria.
c. If the large anerobic prokaryotes
ingest/take inside cyanobacteria
(which undergo photosynthesis), they
became chloroplasts.
18. What do mitochondria and chloroplasts
have (or what do they do) that supports the idea
that they were once separate prokaryote cells
that now live inside a larger cell?
ANSWER:
a. They have their own DNA
b. They have their own ribosomes
c. They reproduce independently
19. Where did Charles Darwin travel to
and what two organisms did he
observe that influenced his ideas
behind evolution?
ANSWER:
He went to the Galapagos Islands &
observed variation in finches &
tortoises
20. Define natural selection (Darwin’s
theory behind evolution). YOU MUST KNOW
THE DEFINITION FOR THE TEST - NEVER
WRITE DOWN “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”
ANSWER:
Natural selection is when the
organisms with the most useful
traits/adaptations for the
environment survive & pass on
these traits to future generations
21. When describing natural selection
or evolution, do organisms adapt to the
environment or do they have
adaptations for the environment?
ANSWER:
ADAPTATIONS FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT
22. For natural selection, what
determines which variations are
useful?
ANSWER:
THE ENVIRONMENT
23. What do you call a
characteristic that different in
individuals of the same species?
ANSWER:
VARIATION
24. Why are variations important?
ANSWER:
It increases the chances of
survival for the species
25. What causes variation?
ANSWER:
MUTATIONS (changes) in DNA
26. What do you call a variation
that helps an organism survive in
its environment?
ANSWER:
ADAPTATION
27. What type of adaptation allows
organisms to blend into their environment?
(Know examples!)
ANSWER:
- Camouflage
How is this useful?
- It helps them avoid
predators or hide as a
predator
28. What type of adaptation allows organisms
to resemble a different species? How is this
useful? (Know examples!)
ANSWER:
- Mimicry
How is this useful?
- Something harmless can look harmful
or dangerous
29. What is warning coloration?
ANSWER:
It is having bright colors to tell
predators that it could be
toxic/poisonous
30. DESCRIBE each of the 5 types of evidence
for evolution. Which is the most important?
a. FOSSILS =
remains of previous life
(most important)
b. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES =
parts with similar patterns (but with
differing functions) to show
a common ancestor
30. DESCRIBE each of the 5 types of
evidence for evolution. Which is the most
important?
c. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES =
parts with no current function but
had a function in an ancestor
d. EMBRYOLOGY =
Studying organisms in their earliest
stages
e. DNA =
comparing DNA sequences to
show similarities
31. For each description below, identify the
correct pattern of evolution it demonstrates:
a. When many forms of a species evolve
from one single species =
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
b. When related species become more
different over time because they live in
very different habitats =
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
31. For each description below, identify the
correct pattern of evolution it demonstrates:
c. When a species changes or evolves in
response to changes in a different species =
COEVOLUTION
d. When unrelated species develop similar
characteristics over time because they live
in similar environments =
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION