Download Jeff Elman In what ways does language aid human cognition and

Jeff Elman
In what ways does language aid human cognition and cultural development?
a. Knowledge transfer
b. Vicarious experiences
c. Historical record
d. a & c
e. All of the above
Which of the following is not a primitive form of communication?
a. Kanzi the chimpanzee following cooking commands
b. Vervet alarm calls
c. Bee dance
d. Protective coloration in butterflies
e. None of the above
Which of the following is true?
a. There is neither a language gene nor a language organ
b. There is a language organ in Broca's area
c. There is a language gene controlling voluntary localiztion
d. FOXp2 is a language gene
e. There is no language gene, but there is a language organ in Broca's area
Kanzi the bonobo can do all but which of the following:
a. Understanding simple English words
b. Point to lexigrams corresponding to spoken words
c. Vocalize simple English words for communication
d. Comprehend simple syntax in English
Enculturation refers to:
a. Controlled growth of bacteria in a petri dish
b. Being raised in a certain cultural environment and learning about accepted
behavior in that environment
c. Integration of cultural values from multiple independently developed cultures
d. Language learning in the context of a foreign culture
Humans have greater memory capacity for English vocabulary than numerical dates
because
a. There are more dates to remember than words in a dictionary
b. Words are typically shorter than dates
c. Words have less informational content than dates
d. Words have more semantic structure than dates"
The McGurk effect shows that the speech processing brain is:
a. opportunistic
b. plastic
c. intelligent
d. integrative"
True/False: Genetic analysis of one family with heritable deafness showed that
diaphanous is the gene for deafness.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following sentences would Kanzi, the chimpanzee, probably NOT be
able to convey?
a. “This car is a lemon.”
b. “I want toy.
c. “I wash potato.”
d. “I am hungry. I want food.”
e. “Good morning.”
True/False – Bees typically only communicate with other bees to describe where
nectar is.
a. True
b. False
A person with Broca's Aphasia typically would NOT be able to:
a. Count out loud on their fingers
b. Sing a song
c. Respond to a simple question that required little thought
d. Retell the story of Cinderella from memory
e. Generally understand what is being asked of them
Babies begin to rapidly acquire new words after learning a few because of:
a. Language momentum
b. Word association and categorization
c. Anticipation of words in a sentence
d. Better random word memorization
e. Both b and c
True/False – While numerous parts of the brain are accountable for language, one
specific area is accountable for only chess.
a. True
b. False
Babies start learning words so rapidly by creating structure on the mind and grouping
words by:
a. concepts and categories
b. part of speech (noun/verb/adjective)
c. phonology
d. all of the above
True/False: Major brain damage in young children is just as cognitively disastous as in
adults.
a. True
b. False
True/False: The brain area that processes the meanings of words may also process
related background knowledge about the object referred to by the word.
a. True
b. False
Processing language involves:
a. voluntarily controlling vocalizations
b. putting together words into an order as dictated by the language's grammar
c. retrieving the meaning of a word
d. B and C
e. A, B, and C"
True/False The brain areas that process language are only used for processing
language.
a. True
b. False
True/False - Animals do not have language, but do communicate in other unique
ways.
a. True
b. False
How do babies differentiate between words in a phrase?
a. statistical learning of reoccurring words
b. voice onset time
c. habituation
d. learn syllables first then memorize words based on putting syllables together
e. memorize a large vocabulary and recognize these words in a phrase
True/False - There is a single organ that is responsible for language.
a. True
b. False
A person who had a stroke as an infant:
a. cannot produce language as well as a person who did not have a stroke
b. can function as well as a person who has not had a stroke in terms of
intelligence, IQ, etc.
c. cannot move with the same precision as a person who did not have a stroke
d. can produce language normally, but not move with precision when compared
to a person who has not had a stroke
e. can move with normal precision, but cannot produce language as well as a
person who did not have a stroke."
The brain is integrative. An example of this is:
a. Words are represented all together in an integrated mental word bank
b. Dreams are integrated with other memories
c. Hearing speech and seeing lips move together are integrated for easier
speech recognition
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
True/False: If you place a chimp in a pool, it can hold its breath.
a. True
b. False
If you suffer a perinatal focal lesion (have a stroke at birth) in Broca's area, you will
likely:
a. Have no language abilities
b. Have nonfluent output but good vocabulary
c. Have fluent output but only be able to produce one sound (tan tan tan)
d. Be able to speak normally"
True/False: FOXp2 is the "language gene".
a. True
b. False
How do bees communicate?
a. Chemical signals/pheromones
b. Protective coloration
c. Alarm calls
d. Dance/Body movement (angle and speed)
e. a and d