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ANCIENT ROME A comprehensive guide to the world’s greatest empire. ROME IS FOUNDED Roman legend has it that Rome was founded by two brothers born to the God of War, Mars. The babies were abandoned, and they were suckled by a She-Wolf. As adults, they fought along the river Tiber, and quarreled, Romulus killed Remus, and founded Rome on the Palatine Hills. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= https://Romulus and Remus wA1D9wd29jI SEVEN KINGS OF ROME Rape of Lucretia After the founding of Ancient Rome, Romulus became the first official king, note that kings were elected, not Starting with Tarquinius Priscus, Rome fell forcibly entered into office. They were a combination under the control of the Etruscans, a group from of Romans, Sabines, and Etruscans. The Seven Kings North of Rome in the land of Eturia. However by the of Rome are as follows: • • Numa Pompilius 716-673 BCE • Tullus Hostilius 673-642 BCE • • Ancus Marcius 640-616 BCE Tarquinius Priscus 616-579 BCE • • Romulus 753-717 BCE Servius Tullius 578-535 BCE Tarquinius Superbus 535-509 BCE reign of the depraved Tarquinius Superbus, with his often cruel and brutal ways, the Romans had enough. The tipping point came when his son, Sextus Tarquinius, raped a wife of a nobleman, Lucretia, who is despair and shame, committed suicide. Romans incited rebellion, and deposed and exiled the Tarquinius family, setting up the first Republic. ROMAN REPUBLIC For close to 500 years, Rome was a Republic, which allowed for a representative government. The citizens elected Senators, and in turn the Senators would elect a consul, or governor of sorts for one year. Words to know: • Republic • Senate • Citizen • Consul • Triumvirate • Dictator JULIUS CAESAR Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman Consul, General, author, and Politician. He brought about the end of the First Roman Republic in 44BCE when he declared himself Dictator for Life. On 15 March 44 BCE, he was murdered by numerous senators. He rubbed elbows with some of the biggest names at the time, including Mark Antony, Cleopatra, Octavius, Pompey, and Crasssus. He’s known for his affairs with Cleopatra and for being one of the greatest generals in History. SECOND TRIUMRATIVE After the Lex Titia went into effect in November of 43 BCE, the Republic was effectively done and over with, and power was legally shared between three people ; Lepidus, Mark Antony, and Octavian. They were elected for two five-year terms, from 43-33BCE when tensions arose, Lepidus was exiled, Antony was defeated and committed suicide, and Octavian became Caesar Augustus. C A E S A R AU G U S T U S A N D T H E PA X RO M A N A The Pax Romana, or Roman Peace lasted from 27 BCE to 180 CE, spanning some 200 years. Was “peace” actually accomplished? Not really, but there was less infighting for power in Rome. ROMAN EMPIRE After the reign of Augustus ended in 14 CE, Ancient Rome had still thrived, there were a string of bad Emperors such as Tiberius and Caligula, as well as Nero all of the Judo-Claudian dynasty. Following the end of Nero’s reign, we had a year with four Emperors (68-69 CE), which the founding of the Flavian Dynasty (69-96 CE), following the end of the Flavian Dynasty, the Nerva-Antoine Dynasty came to power, and with it had the “Five Good Emperors (96-180CE)”, after Marcus Aurelius died and passed the crown to his son Commodus, the empire began it’s decline. ROME AND BYZANTIUM After years of attacks from Barbarians as well as a collapse in infrastructure made the empire weaker. So it was mandated that the empire would be split in two: The West, where Rome remained the capital, and Latin was spoken, and The East, where the capital was named Byzantium, and then renamed “Constantinople” and “New Rome (Now Istanbul in Turkey)”. FALL OF WESTERN ROME After the division of the Empire in 395 CE, the Western part of the empire continually weakened after in-fighting, weak emperors, and attacks from “Barbarians”, eventually falling in 476 CE. The East, or Constantinople, stayed going until 1453.