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ANCIENT ROME
A comprehensive guide to the world’s greatest empire.
ROME IS FOUNDED
Roman legend has it that Rome was
founded by two brothers born to the
God of War, Mars. The babies were
abandoned, and they were suckled by
a She-Wolf. As adults, they fought
along the river Tiber, and quarreled,
Romulus killed Remus, and founded
Rome on the Palatine Hills.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
https://Romulus and Remus
wA1D9wd29jI
SEVEN KINGS OF ROME
Rape of Lucretia
After the founding of Ancient Rome, Romulus became
the first official king, note that kings were elected, not

Starting with Tarquinius Priscus, Rome fell
forcibly entered into office. They were a combination
under the control of the Etruscans, a group from
of Romans, Sabines, and Etruscans. The Seven Kings
North of Rome in the land of Eturia. However by the
of Rome are as follows:
•
•
Numa Pompilius 716-673 BCE
•
Tullus Hostilius 673-642 BCE
•
•
Ancus Marcius 640-616 BCE
Tarquinius Priscus 616-579 BCE
•
•
Romulus 753-717 BCE
Servius Tullius 578-535 BCE
Tarquinius Superbus 535-509 BCE
reign of the depraved Tarquinius Superbus, with his
often cruel and brutal ways, the Romans had enough.
The tipping point came when his son, Sextus
Tarquinius, raped a wife of a nobleman, Lucretia, who
is despair and shame, committed suicide. Romans
incited rebellion, and deposed and exiled the
Tarquinius family, setting up the first Republic.
ROMAN REPUBLIC
For close to 500
years, Rome was a
Republic, which
allowed for a
representative
government. The
citizens elected
Senators, and in turn
the Senators would
elect a consul, or
governor of sorts for
one year.
Words to know:
• Republic
• Senate
• Citizen
• Consul
• Triumvirate
• Dictator
JULIUS CAESAR
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman
Consul, General, author, and
Politician. He brought about the
end of the First Roman Republic
in 44BCE when he declared
himself Dictator for Life. On 15
March 44 BCE, he was murdered
by numerous senators. He rubbed
elbows with some of the biggest
names at the time, including Mark
Antony, Cleopatra, Octavius,
Pompey, and Crasssus. He’s known
for his affairs with Cleopatra and
for being one of the greatest
generals in History.
SECOND TRIUMRATIVE
After the Lex Titia went into effect in
November of 43 BCE, the Republic was
effectively done and over with, and
power was legally shared between three
people ; Lepidus, Mark Antony, and
Octavian. They were elected for two
five-year terms, from 43-33BCE when
tensions arose, Lepidus was exiled,
Antony was defeated and committed
suicide, and Octavian became Caesar
Augustus.
C A E S A R AU G U S T U S A N D T H E PA X
RO M A N A
The Pax Romana, or
Roman Peace lasted from
27 BCE to 180 CE,
spanning some 200 years.
Was “peace” actually
accomplished? Not really,
but there was less infighting for power in
Rome.
ROMAN EMPIRE
After the reign of Augustus ended in 14
CE, Ancient Rome had still thrived, there
were a string of bad Emperors such as
Tiberius and Caligula, as well as Nero all of
the Judo-Claudian dynasty. Following the
end of Nero’s reign, we had a year with
four Emperors (68-69 CE), which the
founding of the Flavian Dynasty (69-96
CE), following the end of the Flavian
Dynasty, the Nerva-Antoine Dynasty came
to power, and with it had the “Five Good
Emperors (96-180CE)”, after Marcus
Aurelius died and passed the crown to his
son Commodus, the empire began it’s
decline.
ROME AND BYZANTIUM
After years of attacks from Barbarians
as well as a collapse in infrastructure
made the empire weaker. So it was
mandated that the empire would be
split in two: The West, where Rome
remained the capital, and Latin was
spoken, and The East, where the
capital was named Byzantium, and
then renamed “Constantinople” and
“New Rome (Now Istanbul in
Turkey)”.
FALL OF WESTERN ROME
After the division of the
Empire in 395 CE, the
Western part of the empire
continually weakened after
in-fighting, weak emperors,
and attacks from
“Barbarians”, eventually
falling in 476 CE. The East,
or Constantinople, stayed
going until 1453.