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Download The Rise of Islam 600-1200 - Sonoma Valley High School
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Transcript
The Rise of Islam 600-1200 Arabian Peninsula Before Muhammad • Most Arabs Settled / Nomads a minority – Caravan cities caused interaction between Byzantine / Sasanid Empires & Ethiopia • Nomad Religion = Polytheistic – Familiar with Judaism, Christianity & Zoroast. • Mecca = Caravan City – Between Yemen & Syria – Ka’ba = Cubical Shrine w/idols inside Muhammad & Foundation of Islam • • • Orphan born in Mecca – Became involved in the caravan trade The Last Prophet – In 610CE received revelations (1 God = Allah) – Submission = Salvation – 622 fled to Medina / Formed a single community of believers (umma) The Succession of the Caliph – Abu Bakr (Father-in-law) • Goals = Standardization: 5 Pillars & Creation of an Islamic State – Civil War over 3rd Caliphate = 3 Rival Sects • Sunni’s= Abu Bakr • Shi’ites=Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law & 1st cousin) • Kharijite (Militant followers of Ali) The Rise & Fall of the Caliphate 632-1258 • Period of Islamic Conquests 634-711 – Possible reasons: Greed, religions fanaticism, weakness of enemies, talent of Muslim leaders, structure of Arab Society, Garrison Towns • Umayyad & Abbasid Caliphates 661-850 – Arab Empire not a Muslim Empire built on structures of Sasanid & Byzantine Empires – Umayyad Overthrown 750 – Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 – Cultural Center of Baghdad • Political Fragmentation 850-1050 (Mamluks) • Attacks = Crusades, Turkish & Mongol Invasions Islamic Civilization • Islamic Law = Shari’a – Based on collections of reports known as Hadith • Conversion & Urbanization were related • Achievements in Medicine & Astronomy • Women – Veiled & secluded though could be influencial – Only slave women could be in public unchaperoned – Rights under Islamic Law • Right to inherit & own prop. • Right to divorce • Right to remarry • Testify in Court / Pilgrimage – Supposed to live as Khadija & Fatima (Muhammad’s 1st wife & daughter)
